Yusuf Hawkins

Yusef Kirriem Hawkins (also spelled as Yusuf Hawkins, March 19, 1973 – August 23, 1989) was a 16-year-old black teenager from the neighborhood of East New York, in the New York City borough of Brooklyn, who was shot to death on August 23, 1989, in Bensonhurst, a predominantly Italian-American working-class neighborhood in Brooklyn.

Hawkins, his younger brother, and two friends were attacked by a crowd of 10 to 30 white youths, with at least seven of them wielding baseball bats.

One, armed with a handgun, shot Hawkins twice in the chest, killing him.

Hawkins had gone to Bensonhurst that night with his brother and two of their friends to inquire about a used 1982 Pontiac automobile that was for sale.

The group's attackers had been lying in wait for black youths that were expected to attend a party at the home of a teenage girl in the neighborhood.

Some say the girl had previously dated one of the killers and/or she had invited black youths to her neighborhood to taunt the neighborhood boys.

Hawkins and his friends walked onto the ambushers' block unaware that local residents were waiting to attack any group of black youths they saw.

After the murder of Hawkins, police said that he had not in any way been involved with the neighborhood girl whom the killers believed Hawkins was dating.

Hawkins' death was the third killing of a black male by white mobs in New York City during the 1980s; the other two victims were Willie Turks, who was killed on June 22, 1982, in Brooklyn, and Michael Griffith, who was killed in Queens on December 20, 1986.

The incident uncorked a torrent of racial tension in New York City in the ensuing days and weeks, culminating in a series of protest marches through the neighborhood led by the Reverend Al Sharpton.

The two teenagers who led the mob that beat and chased Hawkins were tried separately.

Joseph Fama, the man who fired the shots that killed Hawkins, was convicted of second-degree murder on May 17, 1990.

The other main defendant in the case, Keith Mondello, was acquitted on May 18, 1990, on murder and manslaughter charges, but convicted of 12 lesser charges including riot, menacing, discrimination, unlawful imprisonment and criminal possession of a weapon.

The acquittal of Mondello on the most serious charges led to further protest marches through Bensonhurst led by Al Sharpton.

On June 11, 1990, sentences were handed down in the Hawkins case.

Nineteen-year-old Fama received a sentence of 32⅓ years to life in prison.

Mondello, also 19, received a sentence of 5⅓ to 16 years in prison.

Other members of the gang that chased and beat Hawkins were tried as well.

John Vento was convicted of unlawful imprisonment and received a sentence of 2 to 8 years in August 1990 and was released in 1998.

A fourth man, Joseph Serrano, was convicted on the charge of unlawfully possessing a weapon and sentenced to 300 hours of community service on January 11, 1991.

The acquittal of Vento on a murder charge, and the light sentence handed out to Serrano, sparked more protests by the African-American community in Bensonhurst.

Shortly before that march was set to begin on January 12, 1991, Al Sharpton was stabbed and seriously wounded by Michael Riccardi in a Bensonhurst schoolyard.

Sharpton later recovered from his wounds.

Riccardi was convicted of first-degree assault and sentenced to 5 to 15 years in prison, despite a plea for leniency by Sharpton himself, who believed that distorted news coverage of his activities had influenced his attacker.

Keith Mondello was said to be the "instigator and organizer" of the group and served eight years in prison.

After serving eight years in the Attica Correctional Facility, Keith Mondello was released on June 2, 1998.

On January 22, 1999, Mondello and Hawkins' father, Moses Stewart, met in a NY1 television studio, where Mondello apologized for his role in the killing.

Stewart died at the age of 48 in 2003.

Fama was not eligible for parole until 2022, when he was just over 50 years old.

In 2005, former Gambino crime family member Joseph D'Angelo admitted that the killers were present at his request, meant to serve as protection for his property from an expected racially motivated situation, which instead created the situation.

In 2005, former Gambino crime family member and mob informer Joseph D'Angelo admitted that the group behind Hawkins' murder was there on his orders to attack any blacks who entered the neighborhood.

He also admitted he lied to police and asked a woman who knew many details to not tell police.