Wandjuk Marika

Wandjuk Djuakan Marika was born in 1927 (or 1930 ) on Bremer Island (Dhambaliya) in the Northern Territory.

He was the eldest son of Mawalan 1 Marika and his wife Bamatja, and the brother of Banduk Marika, Dhuwarrwarr Marika, Bayngul, and Laklak (all sisters).

He was a member of the Rirratjingu group of the Yolngu people.

Marika was educated at the Methodist Overseas Mission at Yirrkala.

His paintings expressed his people's traditional lore and spiritual beliefs, and included Djang'kawu Story (1960) and Birth of the Djang'kawu Children of Yelangbara (1982).

Djang'kawu is the founding ancestor of the Rirratjingu in traditional stories, who gave birth to the clan at Yalangbara.

He also painted the story of the Wawilak sisters.

The expression of these stories was part of his responsibility as a clan leader, and the skills were passed on by his father, Mawalan 1.

In August 1963 he helped to send the first of several bark petitions to the Commonwealth government protesting the decision to grant mining leases on the Gove Peninsula.

The Yirrkala bark petition was the first Indigenous document to be officially recognised and accepted by the Australian Parliament.

He co-founded the Aboriginal Arts Board in 1973, and became chairman in 1976, a post he held until 1979.

Marika lobbied for the creation of the Aboriginal Artists Agency in 1973 to protect the copyright of Aboriginal artists and Indigenous intellectual property.

In a 1974 Marika was distressed to discover that an earlier painting, Sea life (Dreaming of the artist’s mother) (1959) had been turned into a tea towel.

He discovered the reproduction in a store in Cairns (which had been manufactured in Holland) when on a trip there.

He said at the time: “I was shocked when I walked into that shop, and when I saw it I was shocked and break my heart”.

This painting expresses elements of his mother’s Warramirri clan Dreaming and he was so distressed by this incident that he stopped painting for years; he said he lost his power to paint.

As he had been taught English at the mission school, he used his skills to assist anthropologists such as Charles Mountford and Ronald and Catherine Berndt to understand Yolngu culture.

In 1979 he was appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire in the Queen's Birthday Honours list.

A photographic portrait of Marika by Juno Gemes (1979) hangs in the National Portrait Gallery in Canberra, and several of his paintings feature in the Art Gallery of New South Wales.

His name was given to the Wandjuk Marika 3D Memorial Award, a category of the prestigious National Aboriginal & Torres Strait Islander Art Award, awarded annually by the Museum and Art Gallery of the Northern Territory.

His son Mawalan 2 Marika is also an artist, and his daughter is Rarriwuy Marika.

Wandjuk Marika was the uncle of Raymattja Marika.

As an actor, Marika appeared in the films Where the Green Ants Dream (1984) and Initiation (1987).

He also appeared in the television miniseries Women of the Sun.

He was both actor and composer in Where the Green Ants Dream.

He was the author of The Aboriginal Children's History of Australia.

Marika wrote frequent but unsuccessful letters to the Australian federal government to protest against mining activities on Yolngu lands.

Wandjuk Djuwakan Marika OBE (c. 1927 or 1930 – 16 June 1987), was an Aboriginal Australian painter, actor, composer and Indigenous land rights activist.

He was a member of the Rirratjingu clan of the Yolngu people of north-east Arnhem Land in the Northern Territory of Australia, and the son of Mawalan 1 Marika.

Marika died on 16 June 1987.