Vartkes Yeghiayan

Vartkes Boghos Yeghiayan (Վարդգէս Եղիայեան; April 6, 1936 - September 30, 2017) was an Armenian-American attorney specializing in international law.

He was known for launching several lawsuits against insurance companies for insurance policies issued to Armenians in the early 20th century during the time of the Armenian genocide.

Yeghiayan was born in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia to a wealthy Armenian family originally from the Ottoman Empire.

His father Boghos, a native of Isparta, was an orphaned survivor of the World War I-era massacres and deportations of the Armenian genocide.

In Ethiopia, Boghos had worked his way up at an international trading firm.

Yeghiayan's mother, Aroussiag Terzian, had close relations with the Ethiopian royal family – her godmother was Menen Asfaw, the wife of Emperor Haile Selassie – and this relationship had afforded him and his two brothers the privilege to study abroad.

At age eleven, he was sent to an American boarding school in Cyprus and in 1954 he arrived to study in the United States.

He attended school at Indiana University for one year before being accepted to Berkeley, initially as a premed student, later changing his major and graduating with a Bachelor in history in 1959.

In 1960, he founded the Armenian Students Association at the University of California, Berkeley, and in 1972, Yeghiayan initiated the first protest at the Turkish Consulate in Los Angeles, paving the way for what has now become an annual protest against the Turkish government for its continued denial of the genocide.

Yeghiayan has also edited and published several books dealing with issues regarding the Armenian Genocide.

Yeghiayan was accepted to the University of California, Hastings College of the Law and completed his legal studies at Lincoln Law School, receiving his Juris Doctor (J.D.) in 1965.

After briefly working for a small firm in Oakland, he joined California Rural Legal Assistance (CRLA).

Over time, Yeghiayan rose from junior attorney to become the Northern California Regional Director of the CRLA.

Though as a youth Yeghiayan did not show too great an interest in the Armenian Genocide, the 1965 Yerevan demonstrations and the discovery of his father's harrowing experience through the massacres played a critical role in encouraging him to bring more public awareness to the subject.

Due to his experience, in 1974 President Richard Nixon appointed him as the Special Assistant for International Operations to Director of ACTION.

In 1975, Yeghiayan testified before the United States Congress Helsinki Commission and in 1979, he was commissioned by the American Enterprise Institute of Public Policy, to write a position paper on the Horn of Africa, leading Yeghiayan to serve as consultant on the topic of starvation in Africa.

Following his career in Washington D.C., Yeghiayan opened his own legal practice in California.

He was later appointed assistant director to the Peace Corps and remained in this position until 1980.

Yeghiayan was made responsible for the establishment and management in formulating policy, agency planning, conducting liaison with foreign and domestic governmental and private organizations and individuals, and encouragement of voluntary service programs within the United States and abroad.

As Assistant Director, he supervised the worldwide operations of the Peace Corps' 7,000 volunteers in over 60 countries.

He was re-appointed by successive administrations and served under Presidents Nixon, Ford and Carter.

Yeghiayan also served as Secretary for the United States Presidential Commission on Volunteerism.

In 1987, Yeghiayan came across a passage in the memoirs of Henry Morgenthau Sr., the American Ambassador to the Ottoman Empire from 1913 to 1916, describing an exchange between him and Mehmed Talat Pasha, the man chiefly held responsible for the Armenian Genocide.

The text in question spoke of Talat's and, by extension, the state's interest in claiming as beneficiaries the life insurance policies of the Armenians who had perished during the genocide.

The Armenians had purchased these policies from New York Life and Equitable Life of New York prior to the beginning of the war and, after exploring the issue more in depth, Yeghiayan came to the conclusion that New York Life, as well as other insurance companies, had withheld death benefits totaling in the tens of millions from the descendants of the deceased.

In 1991, during the collapse of the Soviet Union, he visited the newly formed Republic of Armenia and served as a legal advisor there and authored the first draft of the Armenian Constitution.

During the same year, Yeghiayan pioneered efforts to bring food assistance to the newly formed republic through USAID, and he led a team of engineers from the Ministry of Engineering in California to conduct a feasibility study of the oil industry in Armenia.

Yeghiayan had formed a law firm, Yeghiayan & Associates, with his spouse, attorney Rita Mahdessian, in Glendale, California.

The partners were charged with misappropriating $385,000 intended for Armenian genocide survivors and related charitable organizations, and faced disbarment proceedings.

After gathering evidence and finding several descendants of the victims, in 1999 he filed a class action lawsuit against New York Life in a case which lasted for four years.

In January 2004, New York Life agreed to settle by paying $20 million to the plaintiffs.

Since then Yeghiayan, has filed additional suits against other insurance companies, including AXA (with co-counsel Brian Kabateck), which agreed to settle in 2005 by paying $17.5 million, and Deutsche Bank.

To date, approximately five thousand Armenian insurance beneficiaries.

His efforts have not only helped claimants, but Armenian communities and organizations across the globe, as nearly $12 million in funds have been distributed.

He has given lectures in the United States, Europe, the Middle East, Canada, and Armenia on the legal ramifications of the class lawsuits regarding the Armenian Genocide and restitution of Armenian properties.

In September 2008, Yeghiayan filed suit against the National Archives and Records Administration of the United States, seeking documents from 1914 to 1925 relating to the Armenian Genocide, following the administrations failed response to his repeated request to procure information.

The partners were also sued, in 2011, by their co-counsel, Brian S. Kabateck and Mark Geragos, for misappropriation of funds; in turn, Yeghiayan counter-sued Kabateck and Geragos, filing similar charges.

The matter was later submitted for arbitration.

Though suspended from September 2017 to June 2018; Mahdessian was able to retain her license to practice law.

A year after Yeghiayan's death; in November 2018, Mahdessian was absolved of embezzling funds, but found to have "committed acts of moral turpitude by both (1) misappropriating $30,000 from the nonprofit, and (2) engaging in tax fraud by falsely reporting this and another $26,000 in taxable payouts to her children and their law school as donations or loan repayments... Considering Mahdessian’s three prior disciplinary suspensions, the hearing judge recommended disbarment."