Uriel Weinreich

Uriel Weinreich (אוריאל ווײַנרײַך Uriel Vaynraykh, ; May 23, 1926 – March 30, 1967) was a Jewish–American linguist.

Uriel Weinreich was born in Wilno, Poland (since 1945, Vilnius, Lithuania), the first child of Max Weinreich (Mejer Weinreich) and Regina Szabad, to a family that paternally hailed from Courland in Latvia and maternally came from a well-respected and established Wilno Jewish family.

He earned his BA, MA, and PhD from Columbia University and went on to teach there, specializing in Yiddish studies, sociolinguistics, and dialectology.

He advocated the increased acceptance of semantics and compiled the iconic Modern English-Yiddish Yiddish-English Dictionary, published shortly after his death.

Weinreich was the son of the linguist Max Weinreich and the mentor of both Marvin Herzog, with whom he laid the groundwork for the Language and Culture Atlas of Ashkenazic Jewry (LCAAJ), and William Labov.

He died of cancer on March 30, 1967, at Montefiore Hospital in New York, prior to the publication of his Yiddish–English dictionary.

Writing about Weinreich in his history of Yiddish, Words on fire, Dovid Katz said: "'Though he lived less than forty-one years, Uriel Weinreich ... managed to facilitate the teaching of Yiddish language at American universities, build a new Yiddish language atlas, and demonstrate the importance of Yiddish for the science of linguistics.'"

He also co-wrote, with his students Labov and Herzog, the 1968 book-length paper "Empirical foundations in historical linguistics", which identified five aspects of language change that are intended to describe phenomena of language change.

They have become a major sociolinguistic benchmark of description.

Weinreich is also credited with being the first linguist to recognize the phenomenon of interlanguage 19 years before Larry Selinker coined the term in his 1972 article "Interlanguage".

In his benchmark book Languages in Contact Weinreich first noted that learners of second languages consider linguistic forms from their first language equal to forms in the target language.

However the essential inequality of these forms leads to speech which the native speakers of the target language consider inferior.