Tou Thao

At the time of Floyd's murder, Derek Michael Chauvin, a white American, was a 44-year-old police officer who had served in the Minneapolis Police Department since 2001.

Chauvin and Floyd sometimes worked overlapping shifts as security guards for a local nightclub, but the club's former owner was unsure of the extent of their acquaintance.

Tou Thao, a Hmong-American, was 34 at the time of Floyd's murder and started as a part-time community service officer in 2008.

He graduated from the police academy in 2009.

After a two-year layoff, he resumed police work in 2012.

Six complaints had been filed against Thao, none resulting in disciplinary action.

In 2014, he moved to the Minneapolis area.

He resided in the suburb of St. Louis Park, and was a frequent customer at the Cup Foods convenience store in Powderhorn Park, Minneapolis.

In 2014, a man claimed Thao handcuffed him without cause, threw him to the ground, and punched, kicked, and kneed him; the man's teeth were broken and he was hospitalized.

The resulting lawsuit was settled for $25,000.

During the Floyd arrest Thao kept bystanders away, and was found guilty of violating Floyd's civil rights.

J. Alexander Kueng, a black American then aged 26, and Thomas Kiernan Lane, a white American then aged 37, were licensed as law enforcement officers in August 2019.

They had trained together.

Chauvin was the superior officer responsible for most of Kueng's field training.

On May 25, 2020, George Floyd, a 46-year-old black American man, was murdered in Minneapolis by Derek Chauvin, a 44-year-old white police officer.

Floyd had been arrested after a store clerk alleged that he made a purchase using a counterfeit $20 bill.

Chauvin knelt on Floyd's neck for over nine minutes while Floyd was handcuffed and lying face-down in a street.

Two other police officers, J. Alexander Kueng and Thomas Lane, assisted Chauvin in restraining Floyd.

Lane had also pointed a gun at Floyd's head before Floyd was handcuffed.

A fourth police officer, Tou Thao, prevented bystanders from intervening.

Before being placed on the ground, Floyd had exhibited signs of anxiety, complaining about having claustrophobia, and being unable to breathe.

After being restrained, he became more distressed, still complaining of breathing difficulties, of the knee on his neck, and of fear of imminent death.

After several minutes, Floyd stopped speaking.

For the last few minutes, he lay motionless, and Kueng found no pulse when urged to check.

Despite this, Chauvin ignored bystanders' pleas to lift his knee from Floyd's neck.

The next day, after videos recorded by witnesses and security cameras became public, the Minneapolis Police Department fired all four officers.

Two autopsies, and one autopsy review, found Floyd's death to be a homicide.

On March 12, 2021, Minneapolis agreed to pay US$27 million to settle a wrongful death lawsuit brought by Floyd's family.

On April 20, Chauvin was convicted of unintentional second-degree murder, third-degree murder, and second-degree manslaughter, and on June 25 he was sentenced to 22 1⁄2 years in prison.

All four officers faced federal civil rights charges.

In December 2021, Chauvin pleaded guilty to federal charges of violating Floyd's civil rights by using unreasonable force and ignoring his serious medical distress.

The other three officers were also later convicted of violating Floyd's civil rights.

Lane pleaded guilty in May 2022 to a state charge of aiding and abetting second-degree manslaughter and was sentenced on September 21, 2022, to three years in prison to be served concurrently with his federal sentence of 2 1⁄2 years.

Kueng pleaded guilty on October 24, 2022, to the state charges of aiding and abetting manslaughter and was sentenced to 3 1⁄2 years in prison, to be served concurrently with his federal sentence.

Thao waived his right to a jury trial on the state charge in lieu of a review of the evidence and a determination by a judge.

He was found guilty of aiding and abetting manslaughter in a written verdict delivered on May 2, 2023, and he was sentenced to 4 3⁄4 years in prison.

Floyd's murder led to worldwide protests against police brutality, police racism, and lack of police accountability.

George Perry Floyd Jr. was a 46-year-old black American born in Fayetteville, North Carolina, and raised in the Third Ward of Houston, Texas.

On May 3, 2020, video of an arrest incident in Minneapolis showed Chauvin, Kueng, Lane, and another officer roughly detaining a man on the ground as bystanders pleaded for them to show mercy.

Kueng and Lane were with Chauvin as the day was part of their field training.