Tehching Hsieh

The Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in New York also showed one of his works the same year as part of its retrospective exhibition, "The Third Mind: American Artists Contemplate Asia: 1860–1989."

Tehching (Sam) Hsieh (謝德慶; born 31 December 1950; Nan-Chou, Pingtung County, Taiwan) is a Taiwanese-born performance artist.

He has been called a "master" by fellow performance artist Marina Abramović.

Hsieh was one of 15 children from a family in southern Taiwan.

He dropped out from high school and started creating paintings; he went on to create several performance pieces after finishing his three years of compulsory military service in Taiwan.

In 1973, Hsieh documented himself jumping out of a second-story window in Taiwan, and breaking both of his ankles on the concrete.

In 1974, he jumped ship onto a pier on the Delaware River, near Philadelphia, and made his way to New York City, working as a dishwasher and cleaner during his first four years there.

From 1978 to 1986, Hsieh accomplished five One Year Performances; from 1986 to 1999, he worked on what he called his "Thirteen-Year Plan".

He is most known for six durational performance pieces completed between 1978 and 2000.

In this performance, which lasted from 29 September 1978 through 30 September 1979, the artist locked himself in an 11.5 by wooden cage, furnished only with a wash basin, lights, a pail, and a single bed.

During the year, he did not allow himself to talk, to read, to write, or to listen to radio and TV.

A lawyer, Robert Projansky, notarized the entire process and made sure the artist never left the cage during that one year.

His loftmate Cheng Wei Kuong came daily to deliver food, remove the artist's waste, and take a single photograph to document the project.

In addition, this performance was open to be viewed once or twice a month from 11am to 5pm.

For one year, from 11 April 1980 through 11 April 1981, Hsieh punched a time clock every hour on the hour.

Each time he punched the clock, he took a single picture of himself, which together yield a 6-minute movie.

He shaved his head before the piece, so his growing hair reflects the passage of time.

In his third one-year performance piece, from 26 September 1981 through 26 September 1982, Hsieh spent one year outside.

He did not enter buildings or shelter of any sort, including cars, trains, airplanes, boats, or tents, with one exception: he was arrested and brought into the police station for a total of 15 hours.

It came after he wielded nunchucks in self defense during a street altercation.

He spent the year moving around New York City with a backpack and a sleeping bag.

In this performance, Hsieh and Linda Montano spent one year between 4 July 1983 and 4 July 1984 tied to each other with an 8 ft rope.

They had to stay in the same room when inside, but were not allowed to touch each other until the end of the one-year period.

Both shaved their hair in the beginning of the year, and the performance was notarized initially by Paul Grassfield and later by Pauline Oliveros.

For one year, Hsieh unaffiliated himself with art in any way possible: he did not create any art, didn't talk about art, didn't look at anything related to art, didn't read any books about art, and did not enter any art museum or gallery.

At the beginning of this epic piece, Hsieh declared, "Will make Art during this time. Will not show it publicly."

This plan began on his 36th birthday, 31 December 1986, and lasted until his 49th birthday, 31 December 1999.

On 1 January 2000, in his report to the public, he announced that he had "kept himself alive".

He has stopped making art since then.

At the end, on 1 January 2000 he issued his concluding report, "I kept myself alive. I passed the December 31st, 1999."

In 2008, MIT Press published Out of Now, The Lifeworks of Tehching Hsieh by Adrian Heathfield and Hsieh – a monograph with documentation, essays by academics and artists and an extended conversation.

The year after its release, he told the New York Times, "Because of this book I can die tomorrow."

The next year, the Museum of Modern Art (MoMA) in New York exhibited a collection documenting his work.

The exhibition, titled "Performance 1: Tehching Hsieh" and organized by Klaus Biesenbach, was the inaugural installation in a series of original performance pieces at the museum.

Positively reviewed by the New York Times, the show led to a larger recognition of Hsieh's work.

Documentation of this piece was exhibited at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum in 2009, using film, punch cards and photographs.

This work was the first of Hsieh's ever to be displayed in the UK at the Liverpool Biennial in 2010.

In his 2013 list of the greatest performance art works, Dale Eisinger of Complex wrote that One Year Performance 1980–1981 (Time Clock Piece) "is thought to have bridged a gap between industry and art in a way particular to the individual that Warhol's grand factory pieces couldn't achieve."

Curated by Adrian Heathfield, Taiwan's Pavilion at the 57th Venice Biennale in 2017 featured Hsieh's work in an exhibition titled "Doing Time".

During the summer of 2017, this piece was displayed at the Tate Modern Art gallery in London.