Tahrunessa Abdullah

Tahrunessa Ahmed Abdullah (born 21 April 1937) is a Bangladeshi writer and activist.

She is notable for her researches and contribution to an uplift in the lives of women in rural Bangladesh through her various levels of involvement with Bangladesh Academy for Rural Development.

Abdullah was born on 21 April 1937 in the village of Ghoragachha of Jessore District.

Her father Rafiuddin Ahmed was a lawyer.

After completing primary education from Calcutta, Ahmed moved to Dhaka with her family.

There she attended Kamrunnesa Government Girls High School and afterwards received a Bachelor of Arts from Eden Girls' College, University of Dhaka, in 1958.

She then attended the College of Social Welfare and Research Center (also affiliated with Dhaka University and now an institute called the Institute of Social Welfare and Research), receiving her Master of Arts in the school's first graduating class in 1960.

From mid-1961 to 1963 she was District Health Education Officer for the Bureau of Health Education.

In pursuit of this interest, she attended, under a US International Cooperation Administration (now Agency for International Development) grant, the American University in Beirut, receiving a Diploma, with Distinction, in Public Health in 1962.

The Women's Education and Home Development Program was begun at Comilla Academy in 1962.

During her nine years at Comilla, she was responsible for the organisation of village level training programs for women that included adult literacy; health education, sanitation, and nutrition; agricultural extension; creation of cooperatives to promote cottage crafts and other income generating activities.

She also developed training courses for government officials on women's problems and health needs in rural East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and coordinated the overall Comilla Academy training program.

For two years she was also in charge of the publication section and for one year served as vice-chairman of the Comilla Khadi Association.

Within this context of crisis Abdullah's excellent experience, a Comilla Academy brought her to the forefront of the rehabilitation of fort after the war.

In 1963 Ahmed joined then Pakistan Academy for Rural Development in Comilla as instructor in charge of the recently instituted Women's Program and in that capacity headed the academy's Women's Education and Home Development Program.

In 1966, Ahmed went to the United States to study at Michigan State University, from which she received a Master of Science in agriculture extension education in 1968.

Her thesis was entitled, The Place of Evaluation in Comilla Women's Program.

This graduate year was underwritten by the Ford Foundation.

Ahmed's first position after graduation was as Executive Officer of the East Pakistan Council for Child Welfare in Dacca.

She organised the Crippled Children's Center which is still in operation.

At that time she also wrote the first of the numerous articles she has published on social problems, "School Social Work and Its Scope in East Pakistan."

Due to profound poverty, life expectancy in Bangladesh in the 1970s was estimated at 46 years, and the functional literacy rate was less than 25 percent nationwide'only 5 percent for women.

Adrienne Germain, in a report for the Ford Foundation, noted that "over 90 percent of Bengali females live in rural areas and bear the brunt poverty even more than males."

The IRDP was established in 1971 as a national extension of the Comilla Academy model'with important modifications.

It organised the villagers into credit and service cooperatives to give them access to government services and to increase their productive abilities.

In 1972 she became the Director (Training) of the National Board of the Bangladesh Women's Rehabilitation and Welfare Foundation.

During her two years in this capacity she established the Women' Career Training Institute, the first institution in Bangladesh wholly devoted to career training for women.

Intended for women war victims it became the training model for the National Board.

As director Abdullah was involved in the planning, organisation and execution of all training, production and marketing programs of the institute, and exercised administrative and financial supervision, as well.

After 1974 Abdullah served, under a series of Directors General, as Joint Director in charge of the Women's Program, of Bangladesh's Integrated Rural Development Program (IRDP).

Her job has been to develop a national plan for integrating rural women into the nation's economic and social development process.

She is well aware that unless women are regarded as an integral, functional part of society, their development, and the development of the nation, will be hampered.

Since the beginning she has administered and supervised the program and has been responsible for staff training.

The Women's Program, which was instituted in 1974, received initial funds under the population planning project of the World Bank which saw "direct involvement of women in development as a way to bring down the birth rate."

In 1974 the median marriage for women was 13.3 years and maternal mortality was "very high. "The school drop-out rate for girls was earlier and higher than for boys, a factor which reduced their opportunity to learn ways and skills improve their lives".

The hypothesis of the Women's Program was that women would have more control over their reproductive lives if they had some economic autonomy.

The program set up pilot projects in one thana in each of the 19 districts the country.

In each thana it established 10 village-based women's cooperatives.

The initial project, begun officially in July 1975, was to last three and a half years; it had a budget of 16,700,000 taka (US$1,670,000 from the International Development Association (the World Bank agency handling soft loans and headquartered in Washington, D.C., US including US$760,000 in foreign exchange, plus US$45,000 allotted the Ford Foundation.

In 1978, she became the first Bangladeshi to receive the Ramon Magsaysay Award in the community leadership category.