Sylvio de Vasconcellos

His forebears included Diogo Pereira Ribeiro de Vasconcellos (1758–1815), Bernardo Pereira de Vasconcellos (1795–1850), and Diogo de Vasconcellos (1843–1927).

The son of a traditional Minas Gerais family, Sylvio was the fifth of seven children born to historian Salomão de Vasconcellos (1877–1965) and Branca Teresa Carvalho de Vasconcellos (1886–1972), a musician.

Sylvio Carvalho de Vasconcellos (October 14, 1916 in Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil ‒ March 14, 1979 in Washington, DC) was a Brazilian architect and architectural historian, also recognized as one of the pioneers of Brazilian modernist architecture in the state of Minas Gerais.

His many studies, articles, and other scholarly works, some of them translated into other languages, spanned a range of topics that included the Baroque period in Minas, formation of the first settlements in the region, and modern architecture.

He was also a long-time columnist and contributor to the Belo Horizonte newspaper, O Estado de Minas.

Sylvio was District III Director of Brazil's Institute of National Historic and Artistic Heritage from 1939 until 1969 and Chair Professor of Brazilian Architecture and Dean of the School of Architecture at the Federal University of Minas Gerais in Belo Horizonte.

Among other positions, he was also President of the Minas Gerais Section of the Brazilian Institute of Architects, member of the  council and curatorship of the São Paulo Museum of Art, member and Director of the Minas Gerais Association of Writers, and Director of the Brazil-U.S. Cultural Institute (ICBEU) in Belo Horizonte.

In addition, he was accused of placing his official car at the disposal of Luis Carlos Prestes in 1945 for the purpose of contacting communist cells, in addition to aiding communists by (...) contracting the services of the Spanish communist José Maria Sieiro Barreiro.

Sylvio denied all these charges.

In particular, he stated that he was not responsible for the improper use of vehicles when they were not in service and had never had any contact with Luis Carlos Prestes, suggesting that the 1945 allegations referred to another person by the same name

Faced with the futility of trying to defend himself and the threat of being imprisoned again, Sylvio felt that he was forced to leave Brazil.

After gambling was outlawed in Brazil in 1946, Sylvio conceived the idea and oversaw conversion of the Casino designed by Oscar Niemeyer at the Pampulha Modern Ensemble in Belo Horizonte into the Pampulha Museum of Art..

He is especially known for the following contributions: Vila Rica: formação e desenvolvimento (an exhaustive study of development of the colonial city of Ouro Preto, based on his thesis defended in 1951 for one of four national chair professorships in Brazilian Architecture); Arquitetura no Brasil: Sistemas Construtivos (1958); Mineiridade: Ensaio de Caracterização [Mineiridade: An Essay on the Culture of Minas Gerais] (1968), for which he was awarded the First Prize for a Scholarly Work on Minas Gerais in 1969; and Vida e obra de Antônio Francisco Lisboa, O Aleijadinho, a study of the colonial sculptor often referred to as “the Little Cripple” in which he offered new context, extensive analysis, and a comprehensive catalog of the subject's work.

The undertaking began in 1952 and culminated in its inauguration in 1957.

He also served as the Museum's first Director.

His publications include numerous studies on architecture, with special emphasis on colonial architecture in Brazil and Minas Gerais in particular.

In 1959, Sylvio established the Advisory Nucleus for Research in Architecture and Urban Planning at the UFMG School of Architecture.

He was elected Dean of the School of Architecture, UFMG, in 1963, but forcibly removed from the position at the start of the 1964 military coup in Brazil.

However, his career did not end there.

More than 70 books were published under this program until it was closed down by the military government in 1964.

Sylvio was taken prisoner with no formal charges on March 31, 1964, on the eve of the military takeover, and removed from his position as Dean of the School of Architecture.

The charges against him were not published until May 4, and he was not informed of them until after he was released from prison, thanks to intervention of his many supporters, in July of that year..

Among the accusations, he was charged with such allegedly subversive acts as fomenting revolution on the campus, spreading communist propaganda, encouraging students to proselytize in the slums, allowing them to sing communist songs, and arranging for their travel to an architectural conference in Cuba.

In all, Sylvio was confronted with three different sets of charges.

He was also claimed to have been elected Secretary-General of a communist organization and of having presided over a meeting of the Red Student Federation.

In 1965, he embarked on a self-imposed exile, during which he continued to make professional and scholarly contributions.

In France, Sylvio worked on planning the industrial city of Dreux as part of a program for the decentralization of Paris.

In Portugal, he pursued research as a fellow at the Gulbenkian Foundation.

His 14 years of exile began in May 1965, when he traveled to France.

After six months in Paris, he moved on to Lisbon, Portugal, for a number of months and then briefly returned to Brazil in 1966.

However, soon after his arrival, circumstances almost immediately obliged him to leave the country again.

In Santiago, Chile, he headed the Urban Unit at the Latin American Center for Economic and Development (DESAL) and also taught architectural composition and theory at the University of Chile, Returning to Brazil in 1968, he taught theory of architecture at the University of Brasília and then briefly resumed his activities with IPHAN and the UFMG School of Architecture until the military government ordered his retirement in December 1969

In 1970, he won a Guggenheim Fellowship, which allowed him to carry on his research in a country of his choice.

At the end of 1970, he started working for the Organization of American States (OAS) in its Division of Urban Development.

During 1971–1973, he was the Division's Regional Director for Mexico, Central America, and the Caribbean, headquartered in Mexico City.

Following his tenure in Mexico, he became a staff specialist in the Division at OAS headquarters in Washington, D.C. His last assignment with the Organization ended in 1977.

Throughout his post-Brazil years, Sylvio continued to publish scholarly articles, wrote hundreds of articles for the Estado de Minas, won a grant from the U.S. National Endowment for the Humanities to translate and annotate a collection of colonial documents on the settlement of Minas Gerais in the seventeenth century, and authored his exhaustive analysis of the work of Antônio Francisco Lisboa.

Sylvio designed a number of modernist buildings in the city of Belo Horizonte, including the Mape Building, a condominium project on Praça da Liberdade; the headquarters of ICBEU; the chapel of the Izabela Hendrix Methodist Institute on Rua da Bahia; and the UFMG Student Union building, now an art film theater, on Rua Guajajaras.

He also designed dozens of private residences, mainly in the Cidade Jardim and Serra neighborhoods.

Some of these homes have been designated cultural heritage sites by the Belo Horizonte City Government.