Sigmund Rascher

Sigmund Rascher was born in Munich, the third child of Hanns-August Rascher (1880–1952) a physician and avid follower of Rudolf Steiner.

Therefore, Rascher attended the first Waldorf School in Stuttgart, a school based on Steiner's anthroposophist approach to education.

He came under the influence of Ehrenfried Pfeiffer, who believed in the influence of cosmic rhythms on life processes.

Sigmund Rascher (12 February 1909 – 26 April 1945) was a German Schutzstaffel (SS) doctor.

He conducted deadly experiments on humans pertaining to high altitude, freezing and blood coagulation under the patronage of Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler, to whom his wife Karoline "Nini" Diehl had direct connections.

He completed his secondary education, the German Abitur in Konstanz in 1930 or 1931—he used both dates.

In 1933, he began to study medicine in Munich, where he also joined the Nazi Party.

The exact day of his joining is uncertain: Rascher insisted that it was on 1 March, whereas documents show 1 May.

This is relevant because the first date is 4 days before the Nazi victory in the March 1933 German federal election, whereas the second date is after Hitler had consolidated power on 23 March with his Enabling Act.

After his medical internship, Rascher worked with his now divorced father in Basel, Switzerland, and continued his medical studies there, joining the Swiss Voluntary Work Forces.

In 1934, he returned to Munich to finish his studies, and received his doctorate in 1936.

In May 1936, Rascher joined the Sturmabteilung (SA).

From 1936 to 1938 Rascher worked on cancer diagnostics, supported by a DFG stipend under Prof. Trumpp in Munich.

Until 1939 he was an assistant physician at Munich's hospital Schwabinger Krankenhaus.

In 1939, Rascher transferred to the SS with the rank of Private.

That same year, Rascher denounced his father, and was conscripted into the Luftwaffe.

A relationship with and eventual marriage to former singer Karoline "Nini" Diehl gained him direct access to Reichsführer-SS Heinrich Himmler.

Rascher's connection with Himmler gave him immense influence, even over his superiors.

Though it is unclear as to the precise nature of Diehl's connection to Himmler, she frequently corresponded with him and interceded with him on her husband's behalf; it is suggested that Diehl may have been a former lover of Himmler's.

A week after first meeting Himmler, Rascher presented a paper, "Report on the Development and Solution to Some of the Reichsfuehrer's Assigned Tasks During a Discussion Held on April 24, 1939".

Rascher became involved in testing a plant extract as a cancer treatment.

Kurt Blome, deputy of the Reich Health Leader and Plenipotentiary for Cancer Research in the Reich Research Council, favoured testing the extract on rodents but Rascher insisted on using human test subjects.

Himmler took Rascher's side and a Human Cancer Testing Station was established at Dachau.

Blome worked on the project.

Rascher suggested in early 1941, while a captain in the Luftwaffe's Medical Service, that high-altitude/low-pressure experiments be carried out on human beings.

While taking a course in aviation medicine at Munich, he wrote Himmler a letter in which he said that his course included research into high-altitude flight and it was regretted that no tests with humans had been possible as such experiments were highly dangerous and nobody volunteered for them.

Rascher asked Himmler to place human subjects at his disposal, stating quite frankly that the experiments might prove fatal, but that previous tests made with monkeys had been unsatisfactory.

The letter was answered by Rudolf Brandt, Himmler's adjutant, who informed Rascher that prisoners would be made available.

Rascher subsequently wrote back to Brandt, asking for permission to carry out his experiments at Dachau, and plans for the experiments were developed at a conference in early 1942 attended by Rascher and members of the Luftwaffe Medical Service.

The experiments were carried out in the spring and summer of the same year, using a portable pressure chamber supplied by the Luftwaffe.

The victims were locked in the chamber, the interior pressure of which was then lowered to a level corresponding to very high altitudes.

The pressure could be very quickly altered, allowing Rascher to simulate the conditions which would be experienced by a pilot freefalling from altitude without oxygen.

After viewing a report of one of the fatal experiments, Himmler remarked that if a subject should survive such treatment, he should be "pardoned" to life imprisonment.

Rascher replied to Himmler that the victims had to date been merely Poles and Soviets, and that he believed they should be given no amnesty of any sort.

80 out of the 200 subjects died outright because of the experiment and the rest were murdered.

Rascher also conducted so-called "freezing experiments" on behalf of the Luftwaffe on 300 test subjects without their consent.

American investigators later concluded that Rascher had been merely a convenient front for Luftwaffe chief surgeon Erich Hippke, who had been the true source of the ideas for Rascher's experiments.

When police investigations uncovered that the couple had defrauded the public with their supernatural fertility by 'hiring' and kidnapping babies, she and Rascher were arrested in April 1944.

He was accused of financial irregularities, murder of his former lab assistant, and scientific fraud, and brought to Buchenwald and Dachau concentration camps before being executed.

After his death, the Nuremberg Trials judged his experiments as inhumane and criminal.