Shibu Soren

Shibu Soren (born 11 January 1944) is an Indian politician who is currently member of Rajya Sabha representing Jharkhand and the leader of Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.

In 1972, Bengali Maxist trade union leader A. K. Roy, Kurmi-Mahato leader Binod Bihari Mahato and Santal leader Shibu Soren formed Jharkhand Mukti Morcha.

Soren became the general secretary of JMM.

JMM organised agitations to reclaim the tribal lands which were alienated.

They started forcibly harvesting in the lands.

Shibu Soren was known for delivering summary justice against landlords and money lenders, sometimes by holding own courts.

However, possibly related incitement charges—dating from two earlier deaths in 1974—remain pending.

On 23 January 1975, he allegedly incited a campaign to drive away "outsiders", or the 'non-tribal' people.

At least eleven people were killed.

Soren and numerous others were charged with various crimes related to this incident.

He was one of the main accused amongst 69, with allegations to kill 10 people (including 9 Muslims) on 23 January 1975, in a clash between tribals and Muslims.

After the warrant was issued, he initially went underground.

He lost his first Lok Sabha election in 1977.

He is also the President of the Jharkhand Mukti Morcha (JMM) political party, a constituent of the UPA. He was the member of Lok Sabha from Dumka from 1980 to 1984, 1989 to 1998 and from 2002 to 2019 and Minister for Coal in the Union Cabinet from 2004 to 2004, 2004 to 2005 and from 2006 to 2006, when a Delhi district court found him guilty in the murder of his private secretary Shashi Nath Jha in 1994.

He has also been indicted in the past on other criminal charges.

Soren was born in Nemra village of Ramgarh district, in what was, at the time, Bihar state, India.

He belongs to Santal tribe.

He completed his schooling in the same district.

During his schooling his father was murdered by thugs employed by money lenders.

At the age of 18, he formed the Santhal Navyuvak Sangh.

He was first elected to the Lok Sabha in 1980 from Dumka.

An arrest warrant was issued against him.

He was subsequently elected to the Lok Sabha in 1989, 1991 and 1996 as well.

The CBI chargesheet stated that Jha's knowledge of the reported deal between the Congress and the JMM to save the Narasimha Rao government during the July 1993 no-confidence motion and an act of sodomy was the motive behind the murder.

The charge-sheet asserted that: "Jha was aware of the illegal transactions and also expected and demanded a substantial share out of this amount from Soren."

Soren resigned from his post of Union Minister for Coal after Prime Minister Manmohan Singh demanded that he should do so in the wake of the verdict.

This is the first case of a Union Minister of the Government of India being found guilty of involvement in a murder.

It was claimed that Jha was abducted from the Dhaula Kuan area in Delhi on 22 May 1994 and taken to Piska Nagari near Ranchi where he was killed.

In 2002, he was elected to the Rajya Sabha.

He won the Dumka Lok Sabha seat in a by-election the same year and resigned his Rajya Sabha seat.

He was re-elected in 2004.

He became the Union Coal Minister in the Manmohan Singh government, but was asked to resign following an arrest warrant in his name in the thirty-year-old Chirudih case.

He resigned on 24 July 2004.

He was able to secure bail after spending over a month in judicial custody; released on bail on 8 September, he was re-inducted into the Union Cabinet and given back the coal ministry on 27 November 2004, as part of a deal for a Congress-JMM alliance before assembly elections in Jharkhand in February/March 2005.

He formerly served as 3rd Chief Minister of Jharkhand, first in 2005 for 10 days (2 March to 12 March), then from 2008 to 2009 and again from 2009 to 2010.

On 2 March 2005, after much political bargaining and quid pro quo he was invited to form the government in Jharkhand by the Governor of Jharkhand.

He resigned as Chief Minister nine days later, on 11 March, following his failure to obtain a vote of confidence in the assembly.

On 28 November 2006, Soren was found guilty in a twelve-year-old case involving the kidnapping and murder of his former personal secretary Shashinath Jha.

After extended legal proceedings, Soren was acquitted on 6 March 2008.

In 2019 Lok Sabha Elections he lost to Sunil Soren of BJP from Dumka constituency.