Russell Kirk

Russell Amos Kirk (October 19, 1918 – April 29, 1994) was an American political philosopher, moralist, historian, social critic, literary critic, and author, known for his influence on 20th-century American conservatism.

"Faced with the non-choice between Franklin Delano Roosevelt and Thomas Dewey in 1944, Kirk said no to empire and voted for Norman Thomas, the Socialist Party candidate."

His 1953 book The Conservative Mind gave shape to the postwar conservative movement in the U.S. It traced the development of conservative thought in the Anglo-American tradition, giving special importance to the ideas of Edmund Burke.

Kirk was considered the chief proponent of traditionalist conservatism.

He was also an accomplished author of Gothic and ghost story fiction.

He is often considered one of the most significant conservative men of letters of the twentieth century.

Russell Kirk was born in Plymouth, Michigan.

He was the son of Russell Andrew Kirk, a railroad engineer, and Marjorie Pierce Kirk.

Kirk obtained his B.A. at Michigan State University and a M.A. at Duke University.

During World War II, he served in the American armed forces and corresponded with a libertarian writer, Isabel Paterson, who helped to shape his early political thought.

After reading Albert Jay Nock's book, Our Enemy, the State, he engaged in a similar correspondence with him.

After the war, he attended the University of St Andrews in Scotland.

In 1953, he became the only American to be awarded the degree of Doctor of Letters by that university.

Kirk "laid out a post-World War II program for conservatives by warning them, 'A handful of individuals, some of them quite unused to moral responsibilities on such a scale, made it their business to extirpate the populations of Nagasaki and Hiroshima; we must make it our business to curtail the possibility of such snap decisions.'"

Upon completing his studies, Kirk took up an academic position at his alma mater, Michigan State.

Kirk frequently published in two American conservative journals he helped found, National Review in 1955 and Modern Age in 1957.

He was the founding editor of the latter, 1957–59.

He was later made a Distinguished Fellow of The Heritage Foundation, where he gave a number of lectures.

After leaving Michigan State, Kirk returned to his ancestral home in Mecosta, Michigan, where he wrote the many books, academic articles, lectures, and the syndicated newspaper column (which ran for 13 years) by which he exerted his influence on American politics and intellectual life.

He resigned in 1959, after having become disenchanted with the rapid growth in student number and emphasis on intercollegiate athletics and technical training at the expense of the traditional liberal arts.

Thereafter he referred to Michigan State as "Cow College" or "Behemoth University."

He later wrote that academic political scientists and sociologists were "as a breed—dull dogs".

Late in life, he taught one semester a year at Hillsdale College, where he was distinguished visiting professor of humanities.

In 1963, Kirk converted to Catholicism and married Annette Courtemanche; they had four daughters.

She and Kirk became known for their hospitality, welcoming many political, philosophical, and literary figures in their Mecosta house (known as "Piety Hill"), and giving shelter to political refugees, hoboes, and others.

Their home became the site of a sort of seminar on conservative thought for university students.

Piety Hill now houses the Russell Kirk Center for Cultural Renewal.

After his conversion to Catholicism Kirk was a founding board member of Una Voce America.

Kirk declined to drive, calling cars "mechanical Jacobins", and would have nothing to do with television and what he called "electronic computers".

Kirk did not always maintain a stereotypically "conservative" voting record.

In the 1976 presidential election, he voted for Eugene McCarthy.

The Portable Conservative Reader (1982), which Kirk edited, contains sample writings by most of the above.

Biographer Bradley J. Birzer argues that for all his importance in inspiring the modern conservative movement, not many of his followers agreed with his unusual approach to the history of conservatism.

As summarized by reviewer Drew Maciag:

Harry Jaffa (a student of Leo Strauss) wrote: "Kirk was a poor Burke scholar. Burke's attack on metaphysical reasoning related only to modern philosophy's attempt to eliminate skeptical doubt from its premises and hence from its conclusions."

In 1989, he was presented with the Presidential Citizens Medal by President Ronald Reagan.

The Conservative Mind, the published version of Kirk's doctoral dissertation, contributed materially to the 20th century Burke revival.

It also drew attention to:

In 1992 he supported Pat Buchanan's primary challenge to incumbent George H. W. Bush, serving as state chair of the Buchanan campaign in Michigan.

Kirk was a contributor to Chronicles.