Rosemary Radford Ruether

Rosemary Radford Ruether (2 November 1936 – 21 May 2022) was an American feminist scholar and Roman Catholic theologian known for her significant contributions to the fields of feminist theology and ecofeminist theology.

Her teaching and her writings helped establish these areas of theology as distinct fields of study; she is recognized as one of the first scholars to bring women's perspectives on Christian theology into mainstream academic discourse.

Ruether was born Rosemary Radford on November 2, 1936, in Saint Paul, Minnesota.

She was the youngest of three daughters born to her parents, Rebecca Cresap Radford (née Ord) and Robert Radford.

Her father, an Episcopalian, worked as a civil engineer.

Her mother, a Roman Catholic, worked as a secretary.

Ruether's father died when she was twelve years old, after which Ruether and her mother moved to San Diego, California.

Ruether attended several Catholic schools staffed by the Sisters of Providence from St. Mary-of-the-Woods, Indiana, who, in conjunction with her mother's friend group, offered Ruether a strong feminist and activist foundation that informed her later work.

She pursued an undergraduate education at Scripps College from 1954 to 1958.

Ruether held a BA in philosophy and religion from Scripps College (1958), as well as an MA in ancient history (1960) and a PhD in classics and patristics (1965) from Claremont Graduate School in Claremont, California.

Given her academic focus in the area of patristics, she wrote her dissertation on Gregory of Nazianzus.

Ruether's political and theological commitments sometimes created conflict between her and the institutions for which she worked.

She was active in the civil rights movement in the 1960s, and her own work was influenced by liberation and black theologies.

She taught at Howard University for ten years, and later at Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary.

Over the course of her career, she wrote on a wide range of topics, including antisemitism, the Israeli–Palestinian conflict, the intersection of feminism and Christianity, and the climate crisis.

Ruether was an advocate of women's ordination, a movement among Catholics who affirm women's capacity to serve as priests, despite official church prohibition.

For decades, Ruether served as a board member and then a member emerita for the pro-choice group Catholics for Choice.

Her public stance on these topics was criticized by some leaders in the Roman Catholic Church.

She lost her first teaching job (1964–1965) and her only position in a Catholic educational institution—Immaculate Heart College in Los Angeles, California—due to her pro-birth control and pro-choice positions.

After losing this position, she spent the summer of 1965 in Mississippi as a civil rights worker before accepting a position at Howard University, an HBCU.

Ruether was appointed as a professor at Howard University in Washington, DC, from 1965 to 1976.

During her time at Howard, she chaired the religion department.

After a brief stint as a visiting professor at Harvard Divinity School, Ruether accepted a position at Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary and Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois.

She taught at Garrett-Evangelical for nearly 30 years, from 1976 to 2002, as the Georgia Harkness Professor of Applied Theology.

During her career, Ruether authored over 40 books and over 600 articles, primarily on the topics of feminism, eco-feminism, the Bible, and Christianity.

She also wrote several texts on Jewish-Christian relations, including Faith and Fratricide: The Theological Roots of Anti-Semitism, and on the Palestinian-Israeli conflict.

After retiring from Garrett-Evangelical Theological Seminary, Ruether became the Carpenter Professor of Feminist Theology at the Pacific School of Religion and Graduate Theological Union.

In addition to her academic work, Ruether participated in a number of organizations at the intersection of justice work, feminism, and Christianity.

In 1977, Ruether became an associate of the Women's Institute for Freedom of the Press (WIFP), an American nonprofit publishing organization that works to increase communication between women and connect the public with forms of women-based media.

Additionally, she served as a board member of Catholics for Choice, an abortion rights advocacy group, and regularly wrote for The National Catholic Reporter and Sojourners.

She married Herman J. Ruether, a political scientist, during her last year of college.

In 2002, they co-authored the book The Wrath of Jonah: The Crisis of Religious Nationalism in the Israeli-Palestinian Conflict.

They had three children together—two daughters and a son.

Ruether had a love for growing tomatoes, and was known for the small plot of land where she grew tomatoes in front of her office window at Garrett-Evangelical.

Ruether experienced a stroke that caused serious injury in 2016.

She and her husband lived at Pilgrim Place, an intentional living community for seniors in Claremont, California, after her retirement.

Ruether belonged to a women-church group in the community.

Ruether died on May 21, 2022, in a hospital in Pomona, California, after suffering a long-term illness.

She was 85 years old at the time of her death.

Ruether is survived by her three children and two grandchildren.