Patty Hearst

Patricia Campbell Hearst (born February 20, 1954) is the granddaughter of American publishing magnate William Randolph Hearst.

Hearst, who prefers to be called Patricia rather than Patty, was born on February 20, 1954, in San Francisco, California, the third of five daughters of Randolph Apperson Hearst and Catherine Wood Campbell.

She was raised primarily in Hillsborough and attended its Crystal Springs School for Girls, Sacred Heart in Atherton and the Santa Catalina School in Monterey.

She attended Menlo College in Atherton, California before transferring to the University of California, Berkeley.

Hearst's grandfather William Randolph Hearst created the largest newspaper, magazine, newsreel and film business in the world.

Her great-grandmother was philanthropist Phoebe Hearst.

The family wielded immense political influence and opposed organized labor, gold mine worker's rights, and communism since before World War II.

Hearst's father was among a number of heirs to the family fortune and did not have control of the Hearst interests.

Her parents had not considered it necessary to take preventive measures to assure their children's personal security.

At the time of her abduction, Hearst was a sophomore at Berkeley studying art history.

She lived with her fiancé Steven Weed in an apartment in Berkeley.

According to testimony at trial, the group's main intention was to leverage the Hearst family's political influence to free SLA members Russ Little and Joe Remiro, who had been arrested for the November 1973 murder of Marcus Foster, superintendent of Oakland public schools.

After the state refused to free the men, the SLA demanded that Hearst's family distribute $70 worth of food to every needy Californian, an operation that would cost an estimated $400 million.

In response, Hearst's father obtained a loan and arranged the immediate donation of $2 million worth of food to the poor of the Bay Area for one year in a project called People in Need.

After the distribution descended into chaos, the SLA refused to release Hearst.

According to Hearst's testimony at her trial, she was held for a week in a closet, blindfolded and with her hands tied.

During this time, SLA founder Cinque (Donald DeFreeze) repeatedly threatened her with death.

She was allowed to leave the closet for meals, still blindfolded, and began to participate in the group's political discussions.

She was given a flashlight for reading and SLA political tracts to memorize.

Hearst was confined in the closet for weeks.

She said, "DeFreeze told me that the war council had decided or was thinking about killing me or me staying with them, and that I better start thinking about that as a possibility. ... I accommodated my thoughts to coincide with theirs."

She first became known for the events following her 1974 kidnapping by the Symbionese Liberation Army.

She was found and arrested 19 months after being abducted, by which time she was a fugitive wanted for serious crimes committed with members of the group.

She was held in custody, and there was speculation before trial that her family's resources would enable her to avoid time in prison.

At her trial, the prosecution suggested that Hearst had joined the Symbionese Liberation Army of her own volition.

However, she testified that she had been raped and threatened with death while held captive.

On February 4, 1974, 19-year-old Hearst was kidnapped from her Berkeley apartment.

A small urban guerrilla left-wing group called the Symbionese Liberation Army (SLA) claimed responsibility for the abduction.

Hearst's kidnapping was partly opportunistic, as she resided near the SLA hideout.

In an April 1974 account, Hearst claimed that she had been offered the choice of being released or joining the SLA.

When asked for her decision, Hearst elected to remain and fight with the SLA.

The blindfold was removed, allowing her to see her captors for the first time.

After this, she was given daily lessons on her duties, especially weapon drills.

Angela Atwood told Hearst that the others wanted Hearst to experience sexual freedom within the unit.

Hearst later claimed to have been raped by William "Willie" Wolfe and DeFreeze.

On April 3, 1974, two months after she had been abducted, Hearst announced on an audiotape released to the media that she had joined the SLA and adopted the name Tania, a tribute to Che Guevara's comrade Haydée Tamara Bunke Bider.

On April 15, 1974, Hearst was recorded on surveillance video wielding an M1 carbine while robbing the Sunset District branch of the Hibernia Bank at 1450 Noriega Street in San Francisco.

Hearst, identified under her pseudonym of "Tania", yelled, "I'm Tania. Up, up, up against the wall, motherfuckers!"

In 1976, she was convicted for the crime of bank robbery and sentenced to 35 years in prison, later reduced to seven years.

Her sentence was commuted by President Jimmy Carter, and she was later pardoned by President Bill Clinton.