Oscar Santillan

In 1976 astronaut Neil Armstrong joined a scientific expedition to the Amazon; the main goal was to explore a large cave called “Tayos” in the Ecuadorian side of the rainforest.

Seven years prior he had become the first human to step on the Moon.

Along with many scientists, Ecuadorian soldiers in charge of the logistics, and a few members of the Shuar community (natives to that area of the rainforest), Armstrong ventured into this cave which encompasses hundreds of kilometers.

One of the Ecuadorian soldiers, Francisco Guamán, was closely following the steps of Armstrong.

His only interest was to collect anything that would be discarded by the astronaut, “whatever I could get" –he said– "would become valuable memorabilia” taken from one of the most famous people on Earth.

It is not clear what type of items he expected, the truth is that a mundane piece of gum, which had been chewed by the astronaut, was all that he managed to gather.

Oscar Santillán (born 1980, Ecuador) is a transgender visual artist, cybernetician, and writer who lives between The Netherlands and Ecuador.

His practice emerges from the notion of 'Antimundo' which he understands as "a way of identifying and generating realities that do not fit in the world".

For this purpose he has resorted to forms of knowledge production and imaginaries overlooked by mainstream Western thinking such as cybernetics, science-fiction, Andean and Amazonian cosmologies, a more inclusive history of science, and plant intelligence.

This 'Antimundo' toolbox is complemented by emerging fields, currently disrupting modern paradigms, such as AI and synthetic biology.

In 1999 he joined the longstanding writing workshop of Miguel Donoso Pareja where, for a period of three years, Santillán focused on short stories.

In 2002 he held his first solo exhibition Art for Dogs at the Galería Madeleine Hollaender, in the same city.

There is no documentation of this first solo show since the exhibition was exclusively aimed at dogs and no humans were allowed to step inside the gallery.

That same year, in collaboration with other young artists, Santillán co-created the 'Lalimpia' collective, which exhibited at the Biennial de Cuenca of 2003 and 2007, and the Havana Biennial of 2009.

In 2004 Santillán studied at the Instituto de Artes del Ecuador (ITAE), however his Bachelor's degree, in Design and Audiovisual Production, was obtained at the Escuela Superior Politécnica del Litoral (ESPOL), also in Guayaquil, with a thesis on screenwriting for cinema.

In 2008 Santillán received a fellowship from Indiana University to pursue a Sculpture MFA.

The following year, however, he had the opportunity to restart his Master's at the Sculpture + Extended Media Department, VCUArts, in Richmond, where he graduated in 2011.

Santillán has attended residencies at Skowhegan, Jan van Eyck Academie, Fondazione Ratti, Delfina Foundation, Leiden Astronomical Observatory, and NIAS.

He has taught at the University of the Arts (UArts), Instituto de Artes del Ecuador (ITAE), and currently at AKV St. Joost.

Scifi, indigenous worlding, and cybernetics together articulate a matrix that Santillán refers to as ‘Antimundo’, which can be sensed as a way of identifying and generating realities that do not fit in the world.

‘Antimundo’ is not only a critical set of tools for spotting the edges of the world, rather it actively compels us to act sensually, to contaminate narratives, to exceed ruling conventions, to participate within intricate ecologies of selves.

By searching into lost episodes of science, into knowledge production repressed during colonial times, into Andean and Amazonian terraforming, into non-Western scifi, the ‘Antimundo’ manifests itself.

These ideas have been stimulated by the work that the artist has conducted alongside scientists.

A work of Santillán, 'The Intruder' (2015), stirred a heated controversy in England as the artist claimed to have shrunk the country by one inch after (allegedly) stealing one inch off the top of its highest mountain.

In early 2021 Santillán was announced as one of the five artists commissioned by the Holt/Smithson Foundation to create a new project for an island acquired by Robert Smithson in 1972.

The other four artists are Tacita Dean, Renée Green, Sky Hopinka, and Joan Jonas.

Santillán began as a self-taught artist and writer in Guayaquil, Ecuador.

Santillán's 'Antimundo' can be perceived in projects such as 'Baneque' (2016); 'Solaris' (2017), which mixes Soviet sci-fi and Andean cosmology; 'A Thousand Years of Nonlinear History' (a series started in 2018); 'Spacecraft' (2018); 'How Rivers Think' (2019); and, 'Chewing Gum Codex' (2020).

The researchers who have generously engaged in collaborations with his artistic practice are part of institutions such as Leiden University's Biology Department (NL), Nietzsche Archive (DE), Maastricht University's Science and Technology Studies (NL), KNAW (NL), and Leiden Astronomical Observatory (NL), where Santillán was an artist-in-residence for a year (2018-2019), an experience that has led him towards a more holistic ‘sci-art’ understanding.

Santillán has held solo exhibitions at MUAC (Mexico City), Kunstinstituut Melly (Rotterdam), Fundación Odeón (Bogota), Spazio Calderara (Milan), Château La Borie (Limoges), Copperfield (London), among others.

His work has been part of group exhibitions at LACMA, Yokohama Triennale, Humboldt Forum, IMMA, Socrates Park, FRAC Île-de-france, SECCA, NRW Forum, among other venues.

A brief description of selected works by Santillán includes:

Chewing Gum Codex (2018-2020).

Installation (inflatable, astronaut’s DNA hosted in plants, and the process documentation presented as texts projected on three circular screens).

After hearing rumours about this story, in 2018 Santillan tracked down the family of Guamán –who had already passed away– to ask about it.

The soldier’s granddaughter confirmed the story and proceeded to retrieve the little piece of old, chewed gum from a box.

She entrusted Santillan with it.

For Chewing Gum Codex human DNA, enclosed in the gum chewed by the astronaut, has been extracted and synthesized.

This genetic material has been consequently inserted in the genome of plants, which are part of the installation.

Considering that plants deal better with zero-gravity conditions, which are extremely harsh for humans, Chewing Gum Codex suggests the possibility of an interspecies astronaut as a plausible way for long-term traveling through outer space.