Nyamgavaa Ichinkhorloo

Nyamgavaa Ichinkhorloo (born September 18, 1950) is a Mongolian theater artist, writer, film director, and film producer.

Nyamgavaa Ichinkhorloo was born on September 18, 1950, in Khuvsgul province, Mongolia to two teachers, Ichinkhorloo Jamyan and Yanjinsuren Mijid.

He was the first of the couple's eight children.

His father, Ichinkhorloo taught history and geography; his mother Yanjinsuren taught Mongolian language and literature.

Nyamgavaa credits his parents with instilling in him a great respect for education and a love for language and story.

He notes that, by the Mongolian lunar calendar, the moment he was born was the Tiger year, the Tiger day, and the Tiger hour; this is traditionally thought to be very auspicious.

Mongolian tradition is that “triple tigers” are very brave, competent, and unpredictable.

Khulan Tsoodol, a famous Mongolian poet, spoke to these qualities as they manifest in Nyamgavaa: “ To make a metaphor, Nyamgavaa is an artist like an erupting volcano.

…He is always restless, burning from inside and finding his ideas in his passion and sufferings.”

He completed secondary school in 1965, two years after his father's death.

He had begun working while still in school to help support his family.

After graduation, when he was fifteen years old, he began acting in Mongolia's Youth and Children's Theater in Ulaanbaatar (Mongolian: Улаанбаатар) Between 1965 and 1969, he acted in over 10 productions, including playing Mercutio in Romeo and Juliet.

In 1969, Nyamgavaa received a scholarship from the Mongolian government to study directing at the Russian Academy of Theatre Arts - GITIS, in Moscow, Russia.

He studied with Andrey Goncharov, famed Russian theater director and writer.

In 1973, while still a student at GITIS, Nyamgavaa returned to the Youth and Children's Theater in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia, where he had acted from 1965 to 1969.

He graduated in 1974 and returned to Mongolia.

Nyamgavaa's professor Goncharov believed he saw the influence of playwright, and poet Bertolt Brecht on Nyamgavaa's work, even though Nyamgavaa himself had no idea who Brecht was at that time.

Goncharov admired Nyamgavaa's direction of Alexander Pushkin’s play Mozart & Salieri (Russian: «Моцарт и Сальери) at GITIS.

After this project Goncharov told Nyamgavaa, " I thought you were like Stanislavsky, but I can feel the style of Brecht in your work as well.” Goncharov recognized Nyamgavaa’s interest in making the theater a place for intellectual engagement and not just storytelling or melodrama. Another affinity with Brecht was the blending of eastern and western styles and ideas. Much later, this same tendency to connect cultures would be admired by Bundan Boldsaikhan (Mongolian: Бунданы Болдсайхан), honored doctor of Mongolia: “He has two horses, from the Eastern and Western worlds.” Goncharov continued to appreciate Nyamgavaa's work even after the latter left the university. Andrei Borisov, famed Russian director, recalls: “During my studies, our teacher Goncharov often praised a former student named Nyamgavaa on his creative skills and talent. Nyamgavaa’s skills to deliver his art in a unique style through his creative imagination had not been forgotten by his teacher Goncharov.

Ever since his student days his vision and talent shone through his passion, time after time, with unpredictable twists to his storytelling.” Borisov and Nyamgavaa would later work together on the film By the Will of Chingis Khan.

He wanted to direct Soviet novelist, playwright, and journalist Vera Panova’s Vstuplenie (based on the story "Valia and Volodia”, Mongolian: (Гэнэн залуу нас) as his first project, which would also be part of his GITIS thesis, as a director at the theater. The modernist style was threatening to the Mongolian government because it was seen to reject the communist system and traditional culture. It led at first to the cancellation of the play. Ultimately, he chose to make the changes suggested by the government to enable him to reopen the play. After the changes, the production blended Mongolian tradition styles with modernism, still satisfying the censors. He also adapted the novel Five Fingers of One Hand (Mongolian: "Гарын Таван хуруу ) by famed Mongolian writer Chadraabal Lodoidamba (Mongolian: Чадраабалын Лодойдамба) into a play which he directed for Youth and Children's Theater, also as part of his GITIS thesis in 1974.

In 1974, Nyamgavaa graduated and returned to Mongolia.

The Mongolian government was suspicious about his loyalty because of the trouble surrounding his production of Vstuplenie.

He was assigned to work in the countryside, away from the capital city of Ulaanbaatar, as punishment.

He began work as a director at Zaluuchuud Theater in Darkhan, Mongolia.

The theater was small, with only 19 employees, but Nyamgavaa would build it into a beloved institution with far-reaching influence over the next decade.

He directed and produced over one hundred production and oversaw the construction of a new theater building for the group.

His work began to be noticed throughout the country, and the theater became very popular and successful, eventually employing over 200 artists and other workers.

In 1985, Nyamgavaa returned to Ulaanbaatar and became the artistic director of the Youth and Children's Theater, where he stayed until 2006.

He began choosing works by Mongolian playwrights who were questioning communist ideology.

They were so popular that the communist government was reticent to interfere in their production.

He produced or directed over fifty plays, including many by top Mongolian playwrights.

Notable were his productions of Love for Love (Mongolian: Хайрыг хайрла жүжиг) by Darmaa Batbayar (Mongolian: Дармын Батбаяр), Princess (Mongolian: Эрх гүнж) by Dorj Garmaa (Mongolian: Доржийн Гармаа), and works by journalist and playwright Tserendorjiin Baldorj (Mongolian: Ц.Балдорж сэтгүүлчийн): Raven (Kheree, Mongolian: Хэрээ) and The Wicked Women (Mongolian: Эмсүүд).

Famous Mongolian actress Oidovjamts Enkhtuul (Mongolian: Ойдовжамцын Энхтуул) looked back on her role in Raven: “I had so many good roles, but the character in this play was my favorite.” Baldorj credited Nyamgavaa for his career in the arts: “It was Nyamgavaa who brought me into the world of drama and cinema.

I was thrilled by his world and admired him so much that I bowed down to him.” Nyamgavaa also introduced many western plays to Mongolian audiences.

Among the most notable were The Blind by Maurice Maeterlinck, and Talent and Admirers by Alexander Ostrovsky.

Nyamgavaa's return to the Youth and Children's Theater was during a transition in Mongolian culture from communism to democracy, inspired by the Russian Perestroika.

Because of his willingness to resist government criticism and censorship, Nyamgavaa was very popular with and inspiring to his fellow artists and those who would head the 1990 revolution.

Gombo Zoljargal (Mongolian: (Гомбын Золжаргал ) of the Mongolian National Broadcast, credits Nyamgavaa's direction of Tserendorjiin Baldorj's plays Raven (Kheree, Mongolian: Хэрээ) and The Wicked Women (Mongolian: Эмсүүд) at the Youth and Children's Theatre in the mid-80s with being a wake-up call for the young generation, who began to demand change and support democracy. These two plays were extremely popular, tapping into the desire of Mongolia's youth for a new way of life. So, although democracy did not come to Mongolia until years after the production of these plays, Nyamgavaa and Baldorj's work was inspiring the future leaders of the bloodless 1990 Democratic Revolution (Mongolian: Ардчилсан хувьсгал, Ardchilsan Khuvĭsgal).

He is president of Mongolian National Academy of Art and was named an Honored Artist of Mongolia for his contributions to film and theater in 2013 by the Mongolian President Tsakhiagiin Elbegdorj (Mongolian: Цахиагийн Элбэгдорж).