Nabil Karoui

Nabil Karoui (نبيل القروي; born 1 August 1963) is a Tunisian politician and businessman.

One of the key figures in the Tunisian media landscape, Karoui is CEO of Karoui & Karoui World and owner of the Tunisian television station Nessma.

In 1996, with his brother Ghazi, he founded his own communications agency KNRG.

This was followed in 2002 with the brothers founding Public relations firm Karoui & Karoui World.

The firm quickly grew, with offices across the Middle East and North Africa.

In parallel with his international public relations work, Karoui expanded his domestic business, creating subsidiaries around audiovisual production, digital media, urban advertising and a record label.

In 2009, he became head of the company's television company, Nessma.

As a supporter of the Arab Maghreb Union, Karoui wanted to use the television channel to demonstrate the feasibility of a Pan-Maghreb movement by focusing on cultural similarities.

This involved a focus on Music of the Maghreb and the broadcast of a local version of Star Academy.

On 30 December 2010, during the beginning of the Tunisian Revolution, the government of Zine El Abidine Ben Ali muzzled the media from reporting on the unrest.

Karoui used his position at Nessma to begin a political debate on the ongoing protests, providing some viewers with their first information on local media about the protests.

After the revolution, Karoui changed the channel's programming from entertainment to news, becoming one of the country's leading sources for information.

During an interview with former politician and protégé of Habib Bourguiba, Beji Caid Essebsi, Essebsi was suggested as a possible Prime Minister of Tunisia, a role Essebsi would take on in February 2011.

On 7 October 2011, the film Persepolis was shown on the Tunisian private television station Nessma.

A day later, a demonstration formed and marched on the station.

The main Islamic party in Tunisia, Ennahda, condemned the showing of the film.

Nabil Karoui, the owner of Nessma TV, faced trial in Tunis on charges of "violating sacred values" and "disturbing the public order."

He was found guilty and ordered to pay a fine of 2,400 dinars ($1,700; £1,000), a much more lenient punishment than predicted.

Amnesty International said that criminal proceedings against Karoui were an affront to freedom of expression.

After the victory of the Islamist Ennahda Movement in the 2011 Tunisian Constituent Assembly election, Karoui worked with Beji Caid Essebsi and a small group of political personalities to develop a political counter-movement to Ennahda.

The party, later named Nidaa Tounes, held some of its first meetings in Karoui's office, and Nessma was used to mobilize activists and voters for the party.

Karoui has been praised by some for organizing a meeting in Paris between Rached Ghannouchi and Beji Caid Essebsi, surprising observers and lowering tension between Islamist and secularist supporters in the country.

Karoui would later accompany Essebsi on a trip to Algeria, though some pundits criticized him for his ambition, impatience and intrigue.

In less than two years, Nidaa Tounes became one of the largest political parties in the country, winning the 2014 Tunisian parliamentary election.

Karoui's communications firm Karoui & Karoui was instrumental in running the election campaign for Nidaa Tounes.

During the 2014 Tunisian presidential election, the firm was the visual services provider for Beji Caid Essebsi's campaign.

While under investigation by the Independent High Authority for Audiovisual Communication in 2015 for his role in the Nidaa Tounes campaign, he worked with Hafedh Caid Essebsi, the son of the president, in Essebsi's campaign for leadership of Nidaa Tounes.

After helping remove Mohsen Marzouk from the internal leadership of the party, Karoui became a member of the party's executive board and left his position at Nessma.

Disagreements with Hafedh Caid Essebsi led to Karoui leaving the party in April 2017.

In 2017, Karoui started charitably distributing staple goods in poorer areas of the country, earning him the nickname "Nabil Macaroni."

Karoui ran as a candidate in the 2019 Tunisian presidential election, finishing in second place.

Karoui began his career in marketing and sales at several multinational corporations.

After working sales in Southern France for Colgate-Palmolive, he joined the sales and marketing team at Henkel.

While there, he was approached by a recruiter to join the growing North Africa division of Canal+ Group, where he served for two years.

On 25 April 2019, equipment from Nessma studios was seized by the Independent High Authority for Audiovisual Communication, who said that the channel had been broadcasting without a license since 2014 and that the seizure was done "after several attempts to find a solution with the channel".

On 23 August, the Independent High Authority for Audiovisual Communication and the Independent High Authority for Elections forbade Nessma from covering the 2019 Tunisian presidential election.

In June 2019, Karoui announced his candidacy for the 2019 Tunisian presidential election, quickly pulling ahead of his opponents in opinion polling.

On 18 June 2019, the parliament passed amendments to the country's electoral law, accused by some of blocking candidates like Karoui from being eligible to run in the election.

The amendments prohibited those with a criminal record, as well as those who ran charitable organizations or received foreign funding for political advertising in the year preceding an election, from standing for election.

On 25 June, members of Nidaa Tounes and Popular Front filed a motion in Parliament calling the move unconstitutional.