Miriam Schapiro

Miriam Schapiro (also known as Mimi) (November 15, 1923 – June 20, 2015) was a Canadian-born artist based in the United States.

She was a painter, sculptor, printmaker, and a pioneer of feminist art.

She was also considered a leader of the Pattern and Decoration art movement.

Schapiro's artwork blurs the line between fine art and craft.

She incorporated craft elements into her paintings due to their association with women and femininity.

Schapiro's work touches on the issue of feminism and art: especially in the aspect of feminism in relation to abstract art.

Schapiro honed in her domesticated craft work and was able to create work that stood amongst the rest of the high art.

These works represent Schapiro's identity as an artist working in the center of contemporary abstraction and simultaneously as a feminist being challenged to represent women's "consciousness" through imagery.

She often used icons that are associated with women, such as hearts, floral decorations, geometric patterns, and the color pink.

In 1943, Schapiro entered Hunter College in New York City, but eventually transferred to the University of Iowa.

At the University of Iowa, Schapiro studied painting with Stuart Edie and James Lechay.

She studied printmaking under Mauricio Lasansky and was his personal assistant, which then led her to help form the Iowa Print Group.

Lasanky taught his students to use several different printing techniques in their work and to study the masters' work in order to find solutions to technical problems.

At the State University of Iowa she met the artist Paul Brach, whom she married in 1946.

After Brach and Schapiro graduated in 1949, Brach received a job in the University of Missouri as a painting instructor.

Schapiro did not receive a position, and was very unhappy during their time there.

Schapiro and Brach lived in New York City during the 1950s and 1960s.

By 1951 they moved to New York City and befriended many of the Abstract expressionist artists of the New York School, including Joan Mitchell, Larry Rivers, Knox Martin and Michael Goldberg.

Miriam and Paul had a son, Peter Brach, in 1955.

Before and after the birth of her son Peter, Schapiro struggled with her identity and place as an artist.

Miriam's Schapiro's successive studios, after this period of crisis, became both environments for and reflections of the changes in her life and art.

In the 1970s she made the hand fan, a typically small woman's object, heroic by painting it six feet by twelve feet.

"The fan-shaped canvas, a powerful icon, gave Schapiro the opportunity to experiment … Out of this emerged a surface of textured coloristic complexity and opulence that formed the basis of her new personal style. The kimono, fans, houses, and hearts were the form into which she repeatedly poured her feelings and desires, her anxieties, and hopes".

Schapiro was born in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

She was the only child of Russian Jewish parents.

Her Russian immigrant grandfather invented the first movable doll's eye in the United States and manufactured "Teddy Bears."

Schapiro later included dolls in her work, as paper cutouts and as photo reproductions of images from magazines, and in her statement accompanying an exhibition of her work at the Flomenhaft Gallery, she remarked that "In our country we don't feel about dolls as Europeans, Africans or Asians do," providing an anecdote that nuns at a Japanese temple explained their reason for being there was to care for the souls of the dolls.

Her father, Theodore Schapiro, was an artist and an intellectual who was studying at the Beaux-Arts Institute of Design, in New York, when Schapiro was born.

He was an industrial design artist who fostered her desire to be an artist and served as her role model and mentor.

Her mother, Fannie Cohen, a homemaker and a Zionist, encouraged Schapiro to take up a career in the arts.

At age six, Schapiro began drawing.

As a teenager, Schapiro was taught by Victor d’Amico, her first modernist teacher at the Museum of Modern Art.

In the evenings she joined WPA classes for adults to study drawing from the nude model.

In the early 1970s she made paintings and collages which included photo reproductions of past artists such as Mary Cassatt.

In the mid 1980s she painted portraits of Frida Kahlo on top of her old self-portrait paintings.

She died on June 20, 2015, in Hampton Bays, New York, aged 91.

Miriam Schapiro's art career spanned over four decades.

She was involved in Abstract expressionism, Minimalism, Computer art, and Feminist art.

She worked with collage, printmaking, painting, Femmage (art) – using women's craft in her artwork, and sculpture.

Schapiro not only honored the craft tradition in women's art, but also paid homage to women artists of the past.