Mino Raiola

Carmine "Mino" Raiola (4 November 1967 – 30 April 2022) was an Italian-Dutch football agent known for having represented players such as Pavel Nedvěd, Zlatan Ibrahimović, Paul Pogba, and Erling Haaland.

Raiola was born in 1967 in Nocera Inferiore, Campania, in southern Italy.

He moved to the Dutch city of Haarlem a year later with his parents.

Growing up in the Netherlands, his father established a chain of pizzerias, where Raiola spent his younger years, first washing dishes in an attempt to grow closer to his father, and later as a waiter.

Due to his Dutch-language skills being greater than those of his father, he eventually began advising and organising within the business.

At the same time, he obtained his high school diploma and attended university for two years, enrolling in the Faculty of Law.

He started playing football for the youth team of HFC Haarlem, but stopped at age 18 in 1987 to become head of the youth team, and later as the clubs' technical director.

After a brief venture as a player and administrator, Raiola remained involved in the football world as a football agent.

He began his career in the Netherlands in 1992, where he had lived since moving there as a child, helping transfer Dutch players to Italy's Serie A.

After starting his own agency, he became a renowned super-agent who was involved with many of the most high-profile and expensive transfers of the new millennium.

A controversial figure, Raiola developed a reputation among players as an agent who achieved the best for his clients, while many owners and managers considered him untrustworthy.

He began working at Sports Promotions, a sports agency company, and assisted in the transfers of several high-profile Dutch players to Italian clubs, including Ajax player Bryan Roy (in 1992 to Foggia), Marciano Vink (in 1993 to Genoa), Wim Jonk and Dennis Bergkamp (both in 1993 to Internazionale), and Michel Kreek (in 1994 to Padua).

Speaking to British broadcaster Sky Sports in 2021, Roy and Kreek both praised Raiola for his ability to help them settle and taking the time to help with everyday aspects of their lives, including opening bank accounts, buying cars and accommodation.

While staying with Roy in Foggia, Raiola met his wife and encountered the club's manager Zdeněk Zeman, with whom he quickly became friends.

Zeman wanted a player "who dribbled like Maradona, ran 17 km per game and trained like a fanatic", but Raiola believed such a player did not exist.

After falling out with Rob Jansen, who had founded Sports Promotions and had been Raiola's boss, he decided to leave the company and start his own business.

In 1995, the European Court of Justice's Bosman ruling allowed out-of-contract players to move throughout the European Union without transfer fees; coupled with an increase in television money in the sport, this made transfers and player contracts more important in club football, and therefore meant agents were more necessary to players than ever.

His first major independent transfer was Pavel Nedvěd's signing from Sparta Prague for Lazio following his impressive performance at UEFA Euro 1996.

Lazio's manager at the time was Zeman, and was the player he had requested from Raiola years earlier.

Raiola sold the template of Nedved, an "extremist" who "can train harder than you can imagine", to several players throughout his career.

Raiola instigated Nedved's transfer to Juventus in 2001, where he would win the Ballon d'Or in 2003, and resulting in a commission of six billion lira.

In 2008, he was involved in two disciplinary hearings instigated by the Federazione Italiana Giuoco Calcio (FIGC) for transfer irregularities as part of a wider investigation of professional football by Italian authorities.

In a 2016 interview with German sports magazine 11 Freunde, he said his law studies were wasted time; "after all, I can buy lawyers".

He later guided several of Zlatan Ibrahimović's transfers that led him to being cumulatively the second-most expensive footballer in history by 2016.

In August 2016, after closing the world record transfer of Paul Pogba to Manchester United, Raiola made a reported €25 million from Pogba's €105 million transfer; subsequently, he bought the former Miami home of gangster Al Capone, for €9 million.

On 8 May 2019, the Italian Football Federation banned Raiola from acting as an agent representative for three months for undisclosed reasons, while his cousin Vincenzo Raiola was banned for two months.

On 10 May, the bans were extended worldwide after the FIFA Disciplinary Committee absorbed the Italian federation's decisions.

On 13 June, after Raiola and his cousin appealed the original ban to the Federal Court of Appeal in Italy, they won, resulting in a revoking of the three-month ban.

In 2019, Raiola, along with fellow agents Roger Wittmann, Jorge Mendes and Jonathan Barnett, formed "The Football Forum", an international movement of players and agents to help create a new football system opposed to FIFA.

On 22 January 2020, Raiola, along with Mendes and Barnett among others, threatened FIFA with legal sanctions following the planned cap on transfer payments.

During a 2021 interview with The Athletic, Raiola explained that his feelings towards FIFA stemmed from the many scandals and allegations of corruption aimed at the organisation.

Viewed as a "super-agent", Raiola was among the most high-profile agents in football, with his involvement in lucrative transfers making him as famous as his clients.

He was regularly categorised as being among the richest and most powerful agents in the sport, and upon his death in 2022, Italian newspaper La Gazzetta dello Sport described him as "the most powerful, the best, the most discussed".

Due to his success, he was a controversial figure seen as unscrupulous and impudent, and his brash style led him into conflict with figures throughout world football such as Napoli chairman Aurelio De Laurentiis, who he compared to fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, and former Manchester United manager Alex Ferguson, who labelled him a "shitbag" while recalling dealings he had with Raiola which lead to the departure of Paul Pogba from the club.

Football executive Adriano Galliani, who dealt with Raiola at AC Milan, said he and Raiola developed a positive relationship based on sympathy due to the conflicting interests of the other, and acknowledging that Raiola only wanted what was best for his clients.

Raiola was known as a hardball negotiator, and as an agent who regularly defended his clients from criticism, often leading to him using the media to insult pundits and managers such as Paul Scholes, and Pep Guardiola, saying that as "a person he's an absolute zero. He's a coward, a dog".

Dutch journalist Taco van den Velde attributed his success to his hard work and intelligence, and his ability to fight for what was best for his client.

Raiola described himself as an "altruist" in contrast to fellow agent Jorge Mendes, who he described as an "egoist", due to the differing motivations of both.

Due to working for his father's restaurant, the caricature of Raiola as the "pizza-maker" was formed following a clash with former Inter Milan player Siniša Mihajlović.

He was often characterised as being from the American television programme The Sopranos due to his personality, fashion sense, and attitude, including by Ibrahimović, and was regularly underestimated due to his appearance.