Michael McFaul

Michael Anthony McFaul (born October 1, 1963) is an American academic and diplomat who served as the United States ambassador to Russia from 2012 to 2014.

McFaul is currently the Ken Olivier and Angela Nomellini Professor in International Studies in the Department of Political Science at Stanford University, where he is the Director of the Freeman Spogli Institute for International Studies.

He is also a Peter and Helen Bing Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution.

He is also a contributing columnist at The Washington Post.

Prior to his nomination to the ambassadorial position, McFaul worked for the U.S. National Security Council as Special Assistant to the President and senior director of Russian and Eurasian affairs, where he was the architect of U.S. President Barack Obama's Russian reset policy.

Born in Glasgow, Montana, McFaul was raised in Butte and Bozeman, where his father worked as a musician and music teacher.

While attending Bozeman High School, McFaul participated in policy debate; his partner was future U.S. Senator Steve Daines (R).

While an undergraduate at Stanford University he spent time in the Soviet Union, first in the summer of 1983 studying Russian at the Leningrad State University (now Saint Petersburg State University), and then a semester in 1985 at Pushkin Institute in Moscow.

He earned a B.A. in international relations and Slavic languages and an M.A. in Slavic and East European Studies from Stanford in 1986.

As a Rhodes Scholar, he earned a DPhil in international relations from St John's College, Oxford, in 1991.

He wrote his dissertation on U.S. and Soviet intervention in revolutionary movements in southern Africa.

In 1994, McFaul and one-time close friend and colleague Sergey Markov helped found the Moscow Carnegie Center.

McFaul's past engagement with Russian political figures included a denunciation of him in 1994 by Vladimir Zhirinovsky, leader of the Liberal Democratic Party and a member of the State Duma (the Russian parliament), and a subsequent shooting incident in which a shot was fired into McFaul's office window in Moscow.

Two years later, Alexander Korzhakov, a confidante of Russian President Boris Yeltsin, invited McFaul to the Kremlin during the 1996 Russian presidential election, because of McFaul's research on electoral politics.

In his capacity as a professor of political science at Stanford University, McFaul was the director of the university's Center on Democracy, Development, and the Rule of Law.

A Hoover Institution Peter and Helen Bing Senior Fellow, McFaul is a Democrat who was the architect of U.S. President Barack Obama's policy on Russia.

In 2009, McFaul joined the Barack Obama administration as a senior adviser in Washington, D.C., where he was the architect of the so-called "Russian reset" policy.

In March 2011, McFaul attended, in his official White House capacity, the meeting between Joe Biden and Vladimir Putin, which Biden characterized in his memoir as "argumentative."

The two met again in a 2021 summit.

In November 2011, Obama nominated McFaul to be the 7th post-Soviet United States Ambassador to the Russian Federation.

On December 17, 2011, the United States Senate confirmed McFaul by unanimous consent.

McFaul became the first non-career diplomat to be the U.S. ambassador to Russia.

He arrived in Russia just as huge protests were erupting over Vladimir Putin's resumption of the presidency.

As ambassador he was accused of "fomenting revolution" by the Russian state media, meeting with Russian pro-democracy activists and commenting frequently on Twitter in English and Russian.

In his Washington Post article though he argued that these meetings were in line with Obama's policy.

In a 2012 interview for the news portal Slon.ru, McFaul described himself as "specialist on democracy, anti-dictator movements, revolutions".

On January 17, 2012, soon after McFaul was appointed the new United States Ambassador to Russia and arrived in Moscow to assume his post, opposition politicians and civil activists visited the Embassy of the United States in Moscow.

At the entrance to the embassy, they were encountered by pro-Kremlin activists.

McFaul announced his resignation as ambassador to Russia on February 4, 2014, effective after the Sochi Olympics.

John F. Tefft was confirmed as the next ambassador to Russia.

McFaul returned to Stanford as a professor of political science.

He also became a senior fellow at the Hoover Institution.

He continued to be involved in geopolitics.

In October 2014, he stated that he believed the Russians continued to bug his and his wife's cell phones in the United States.

In 2014 he was placed on the Kremlin's sanction list of people who are not allowed to enter Russia.

McFaul received an honorary doctorate from Montana State University during the university's fall commencement in 2015.

The visitors to McFaul included Yevgeniya Chirikova (environment activist), Boris Nemtsov (leader of the People's Freedom Party at the time; assassinated in 2015), Lev Ponomarev (human rights activist), Sergey Mitrokhin (leader of Yabloko party), Oksana Dmitriyeva (deputy head of A Just Russia), Lilia Shibanova (head of the GOLOS Association elections monitor group).

Leonid Kalashnikov from the Communist Party of the Russian Federation also attended.

Reaction to the visit was mixed: then president Dmitry Medvedev, in his public comments at Moscow State University, largely exonerated McFaul by saying that meeting with opposition figures was a routine occurrence, although he warned the new U.S. ambassador that he was on Russian soil and should respect Russian political sensibilities.

The incident sparked a highly negative reaction in the state-controlled Russian media, which accused him of conspiring with the opposition, but was appreciated by activists and social media users.