Maria of Yugoslavia

Maria (born Princess Maria of Romania; 6 January 1900 – 22 June 1961), known in Serbian as Marija Karađorđević (Марија Карађорђевић), was Queen of the Serbs, Croats and Slovenes from 1922 to 1929 and Queen of Yugoslavia from 1929 to 1934 as the wife of King Alexander I.

She was the mother of King Peter II.

Maria was born on 6 January 1900, at Friedenstein Palace in Gotha, a town in Thuringia, in the German Empire.

She was named after her maternal grandmother, Grand Duchess Maria Alexandrovna of Russia, and was known as Mignon in the family to distinguish her from her mother.

Her parents were Prince Ferdinand of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen and Princess Marie of Edinburgh.

In her memoirs, Queen Marie wrote of her third child: "she was from her first day a child of joy and sunshine, for these miracles do come to pass. Gay, smiling and astonishingly loving from her tenderest infancy, she was more than a consolation, she was a revelation, and I loved her with a love difficult to describe; I could not let her out of my sight, she was a message of peace and hope. We christened her Marie after my mother and her mother before her, but we called her Mignon and this name has stuck to her for ever. To us all she is and always will be Mignon"

In 1914, after the death of Carol I, her parents became King and Queen of Romania, and Maria moved with them to Romania, which became her new home country.

During World War I, she worked as a nurse with her mother, along with her two sisters.

Although plump, Maria was a noted beauty in her youth and resembled her sister, Elisabeth.

The family spent their vacations at Peleș Castle near Sinaia.

In 1922, the future Alexander I of Yugoslavia was invited to Peleș Castle, and introduced to Maria.

Maria and Alexander fell in love, and were engaged with the support of Maria's father Ferdinand I.

Maria married Alexander I, second King of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, in Belgrade on 8 June 1922.

The wedding took place at the Saint Michael's cathedral.

The wedding was given big international publicity at the time.

Since Maria was related to the British Royal House, the British Crown was represented by the Duke of York, who attended the wedding as witness.

On 3 October 1929, Maria became Queen of Yugoslavia when Alexander changed the name of the country.

The royal couple settled at the Karađorđević estate in Oplenac near Topola.

Since the new Royal Residence in Belgrade was not finished, the king and queen continued to live at the Karađorđević estate.

Queen Maria established good relations with the Orthodox clergy and engaged in charity.

At the Karađorđević estate, Maria participated in the work of the local peasantry at the royal estate, and could be seen working in the field dressed in traditional folk costume.

She founded schools for the children of the local farmers, scholarships for the benefit of poor students and cooperated with the church to help poor families.

Her first son was given a traditional royal Serbian name, her second son was given a Croatian name and her third son was given a Slovenian name to create unity in the new state of Yugoslavia.

Her sons played with the children of the workers on the estate.

The simple life of Maria gave her a great deal of favourable publicity, and her popularity also benefitted Alexander, when she and sometimes the sons accompanied him on his trips around Yugoslavia.

Maria was well educated.

She spoke several languages fluently and enjoyed painting and sculpting under the guidance of artist Iva Despić-Simonović.

She also drove a car by herself, which was very unusual for royalty at the time.

Following the assassination of her husband, King Alexander I, in Marseille in 1934, her oldest son, aged only 11, became Peter II of Yugoslavia and was the last reigning Yugoslav king.

Her son, being a minor, was placed under the regency of his uncle, Prince Paul.

The regent gave Maria an allowance of six million dinars for herself and her sons: she kept a quarter of the amount, and spend the rest on charity.

Queen Maria initially kept participating in royal representation as a widow.

Her first assignment as a widow was a campaign against tuberculosis.

After the death of Alexander, Maria suffered from a deteriorating state of rheumatism.

In 1938, she bought a farm in Gransden in Bedfordshire north of London in England.

In 1939, she moved permanently to her house in England: she took her younger sons with her, but was obliged to leave her eldest son in Yugoslavia because of his position as monarch.

It was rumoured at the time that Maria left Yugoslavia because of a conflict with the Prince Regent Paul, but the official reason stated for her move was her health.

She was given the title Queen Mother of Yugoslavia in 1941.

Yugoslavia declared itself neutral at the outbreak of the World War II.

Her citizenship was revoked, and her property was confiscated by the Yugoslav communist regime in 1947, but she was posthumously rehabilitated in 2014.