Maria da Conceição Tavares

Maria da Conceição Tavares (Anadia, April 24, 1930) is a Portuguese naturalized Brazilian economist.

She is a full professor at the State University of Campinas (Unicamp) and professor emeritus of the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ).

Her students have included the former president of Brazil, Dilma Rousseff.

Maria da Conceição de Almeida Tavares was born in Anadia in the Aveiro District of Portugal on 24 April 1930.

She grew up in the Portuguese capital of Lisbon.

Her father was an anarchist who sheltered refugees from the Spanish Civil War.

After starting an engineering course at the University of Lisbon, Tavares transferred to mathematical sciences, graduating in 1953.

To escape the Estado Novo dictatorship in Portugal under António de Oliveira Salazar, she moved to Brazil in February 1954, already married to her first husband, Pedro José Serra Soares, and pregnant with their daughter Laura.

They settled in Rio de Janeiro.

From her second marriage, to Antônio Carlos de Magalhães Macedo, she had a son.

Because she was unable to have her qualifications recognised in Brazil to allow her to teach at university, she began working in 1955 as a statistician at the National Institute of Immigration and Colonization (INIC), now the Instituto Nacional de Colonização e Reforma Agrária (INCRA).

In 1957, she became a Brazilian citizen.

In 1958, she became a mathematical analyst at the Brazilian Development Bank (BNDES), where she worked until 1960.

Between 1958 and 1960 she was also a member of the Executive Group (Grupo Executivo) for Heavy Mechanical Industry (Geimape), one of the industry-coordinating bodies established during the government of President Kubitschek.

The work of Tavares was influenced in particular by three other Brazilian economists, Celso Furtado, Caio Prado Júnior and Ignácio Rangel.

She has published numerous articles and several books.

At that time, after realising that knowledge of mathematics was not enough for the professional path she intended to follow, she enrolled to study economics at the University of Brazil, now the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), completing the course in 1960.

In 1963, she published her first paper, Rise and fall of the import-substitution process in Brazil, in which she discussed import-substituting industrialization as an historical model of development.

In 1965 and 1967, she was a visiting professor at the Fundação Getulio Vargas, an organization established to "stimulate Brazil's socioeconomic development".

In 1967 she participated in a meeting promoted by the Ford Foundation, which discussed the organization of postgraduate studies in economics in Brazil.

In 1968, Tavares was invited by the United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America and the Caribbean (ECLAC) in Santiago de Chile to teach at the Institute of Economy and Planning (ESCOLATINA), part of the University of Chile, as a visiting professor.

Between October 1971 and May 1972, she did postgraduate studies at the University of Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne University.

However, due to the worsening political situation in Chile she interrupted her course to return to Santiago to assist the government of Salvador Allende, working in the Ministry of Economy as a volunteer advisor.

At the same time, she continued to be involved in Brazilian policy arguments about income distribution with the monetarist economist Carlos Geraldo Langoni, who would go on to become the governor of the Bank of Brazil.

This led, in 1972, to the establishment of the National Association for Graduate Studies in Economics (Anpec).

A common theme of her work has been that Brazilians with more progressive views lacked knowledge of the monetary aspects of the country's economy.

In March 1973, Tavares returned to UFRJ.

In the same year, she also began teaching at the University of Campinas (Unicamp).

In late 1973, she was visiting professor at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and, in 1974, at the Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas, in the same country.

Returning to Brazil in November 1974, she was detained at the international airport in Rio de Janeiro and held for several days in the premises of the DOI-CODI (Department of Internal Operations/ Centre for Internal Defence Operations), the intelligence and political repression agency of the military dictatorship between 1964 and 1985.

She was released on the intervention of the president Ernesto Geisel after he was contacted by the Minister of Finance, Mário Henrique Simonsen and by Severo Gomes, the Minister of Industry and Commerce.

In early 1975, she was invited to be an economic consultant for the Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos (Funding Agency for Studies and Projects - FINEP), a position she held until 1979.

At the same time, she continued to work with the economics and administration faculty of UFRJ.

Also in 1975, she obtained a doctorate from UFRJ, with a thesis on "Accumulation of capital and industrialization in Brazil".

Tavares became a full professor of macroeconomics at UFRJ in 1978, with a thesis entitled "Cycle and crisis: the recent movement of the Brazilian economy".

Her future studies were largely related to financial and monetary economics, as she expanded her criticism of Brazilian monetarists.

In general terms, her ideas are that the State must play a leading role in inducing investment and in planning the country's economic development.

These views were underlain by a strong concern about underdevelopment.

Tavares is affiliated with the Workers' Party, and she was a Federal Deputy representing the state of Rio de Janeiro between 1995 and 1999.

Left-wing focused, she is the author of several books on Brazil's economic development as well as numerous journal articles.