Lino Brocka

Catalino Ortiz Brocka (April 3, 1939 – May 22, 1991) was a Filipino film director.

He is widely regarded as one of the most influential and significant filmmakers in the history of Philippine cinema.

He co-founded the organization Concerned Artists of the Philippines (CAP), dedicated to helping artists address issues confronting the country, and the Free the Artist Movement.

He was a member of the Coalition for the Restoration of Democracy.

He grew up and lived in San Jose, Nueva Ecija and graduated from Nueva Ecija High School in 1956.

He directed his first film, Wanted: Perfect Mother, based on The Sound of Music and a local comic serial, in 1970.

It won an award for best screenplay at the 1970 Manila Film Festival.

Later that year he also won the Citizen's Council for Mass Media's best-director award for the film Santiago!

He directed landmark films such as Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang (1974), Maynila sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag (1975), Insiang (1976), Bayan Ko: Kapit sa Patalim (1984), and Orapronobis (1989).

In 1974, Brocka directed Tinimbang Ka Ngunit Kulang ("You Have Been Weighed and Found Wanting"), which told the story of a teenager growing up in a small town amid its petty and gross injustices.

It was a box-office success, and earned Brocka another Best Director award, this time from the Filipino Academy of Movie Arts and Sciences (FAMAS).

The following year, he directed Maynila sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag ("Manila in the Claws of Light"), which is considered by many critics, including British film critic and historian Derek Malcolm, to be the greatest Philippine film ever made.

The film tells the allegorical tale of a young provincial named Julio Madiaga who goes to Manila looking for his lost love, Ligaya Paraiso.

The episodic plot has him careering from one adventure to another until he finally finds Ligaya.

Much of the film's acclaim is directed towards the excellent cinematography by Mike De Leon, who would later on direct landmark films such as Kisapmata and Batch '81.

The film won the FAMAS Awards for Best Picture, Best Director, Best Actor, and Best Supporting Actor in 1976.

Insiang (1976) was the first Philippine film ever shown at the Cannes Film Festival.

It was screened in the Directors' Fortnight section of the 1978 Cannes Film Festival.

It is considered to be one of Brocka's best films — some say his masterpiece.

The film centers on a young woman named Insiang who lives in the infamous Manila slum area, Tondo.

It is a Shakespearean tragedy that deals with Insiang's rape by her mother's lover, and her subsequent revenge.

The film Jaguar (1979) was nominated for the Palme d'Or at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival, becoming the first Filipino film to compete in the main competition of the festival.

It won Best Picture and Best Director at the 1980 FAMAS Awards.

It also won five Gawad Urian Awards, including Best Picture and Best Direction.

In 1981, Brocka returned to the Cannes' Director's Fortnight with his third entry, Bona, a film about obsession.

In 1983, Brocka created the organization Concerned Artists of the Philippines (CAP), which he led for two years.

His stand was that artists were first and foremost citizens and, as such, must address the issues confronting the country.

His group became active in anti-government rallies after the assassination of Benigno Aquino Jr., eventually becoming one of the progressive organizations representing artists and cultural workers in the country.

In 1984, Bayan Ko ("My Country") was deemed subversive by the government of Ferdinand Marcos, and underwent a legal battle to be shown in its uncut form.

At the 1984 Cannes Film Festival however, it was nominated for the Palme d'Or.

On January 28, 1985, Brocka and fellow filmmaker Behn Cervantes were arrested at a nationwide transport strike organized by public transportation drivers.

They were charged for organizing illegal assembly and denied bail.

Both directors denied being leaders of the strike, stating they were attending in sympathy with the drivers.

They were released after 16 days, following public pressure for President Ferdinand Marcos to release the directors.

He joined the Coalition for the Restoration of Democracy after his release.

It garnered four honors at the 1986 Gawad Urian Awards, including Best Picture.

In 1986, Brocka served as a jury member in the 39th Cannes Film Festival.

After his death in a car accident in 1991, he was posthumously given the National Artist of the Philippines for Film award for "having made significant contributions to the development of Philippine arts."

In 2018, Brocka was identified by the Human Rights Victims' Claims Board as a Motu Proprio human rights violations victim of the Martial Law Era.

Brocka was born in Pilar, Sorsogon.