Li Zhen (female general)

Li Zhen (1908–1990) was the first female general of the People's Liberation Army.

Li was born the sixth daughter to a peasant family in rural Liuyang.

Her family farmed fields measuring 2 and a half mu and had caught fish to supplement their diet.

Until the age of 18, Li was referred to as Danmeizi.

At age six, she was sent to live with the family of her intended husband, Gu Tianshun, whose father was a doctor.

Li formally married Gu at age 16.

In 1926, Danmeizi signed up to Yonghe district women's organisation using the name Li Zhen.

In 1927, Li joined the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), acting as a scout.

During this time, Li led a group to collect grain and recruit soldiers.

She was based in Yonghe, but remained legally married to Gu.

Later that year, a clash between the CCP and the Kuomintang (KMT) resulted in the deaths of several revolutionaries and Li's name being put on a wanted list.

As a result, Gu's family severed their ties with Li, sending her mother notification of divorce.

It is popularly believed that this child was Li's with Zhang Qilong, who had been stationed at Liuyang since October 1927.

By 1928, Li was a member of the District Committee and deputy secretary of the Party Branch of the Pingliu Guerillas.

She became head of the Liudong Guerilla Unit Soldiers' Committee, later known as the Liuyang County Party Committee.

When the Autumn Harvest Uprising began in 1928, there were few members of the proletariat willing to join Mao Zedong and Li is credited with rallying members of her troop to join the fighting.

At the beginning of 1929, Li and her guerilla unit were encircled by KMT forces.

They fought until night and, with no more bullets, the five surviving members of the troop retreated until they were hemmed in with no escape other than a cliff behind them.

Li gave the order to avoid being taken alive and promptly jumped down the cliff.

She landed on a tree and, after regaining consciousness, she and one other survivor buried their comrades.

Li had been pregnant at the time and she later miscarried.

In July 1931, Li moved to the Hunan–Jiangxi Soviet to serve as director of the Provincial Women's Committee and political commissar of the Military Medical School.

At the same time, Zhang Qilong was posted to the area to oversee the creation of a Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet CCP provincial committee, in the role of vice-chairman of the Provincial Soviet Government.

However, documentation suggests that the two only married legally in 1932.

In the summer of 1933, purges in the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet intensified in a process now referred to by the CCP as the Wang Ming Leftist Line.

In addition to the deaths of many revolutionary cadres, Wang Shoudao was removed from his position as secretary of the Hunan-Jiangxi Soviet CCP provincial committee for, 'severe rightist leanings.' Zhang Qilong was also removed from all his official posts.

Not only did Zhang refuse to acknowledge his 'mistakes', but he also spoke in defence of the disgraced chairman of the Provincial Soviet Government, Yuan Desheng (killed whilst incarcerated).

Li was encouraged to draw a line between her political life and personal life by denouncing Zhang, which she refused to do.

It is debated whether their divorce was initiated by fellow party members or Zhang himself to protect Li from the consequences of his fall.

In August 1934, the Red Army prepared to abandon the Hunan-Jiangxi base area and it was suggested to Li by one of her superiors that she remain behind, as, 'fighting was so hard for women.' Li objected to the higher administration and was permitted to continue her work.

She was first assigned to the Sixth Red Army under Ren Bishi as the minister of the Organisation Department of the Political Department.

The Sixth Red Army then amalgamated with General He Long's forces to form the Second Red Army.

In 1935, the Second Red Army retreated through Sichuan into Tibet to join Zhang Guotao's forces (Fourth Red Army).

Early in the year, Li had married her third husband Gan Siqi.

During the Long March, Li was pregnant.

Due to the hardships encountered, Li went into labour when only seven months pregnant.

Lack of food left Li unable to nurse her child and it soon died.

Afterwards, Li was not given time to recuperate, which rendered her unable to have any further children.

On 27 September 1955, Li was made Major General of the People's Liberation Army.

The ceremony was held at Zhongnanhai.