Kulbhushan Jadhav

Pakistan stated that Jadhav entered Chabahar with a visa stamped on a fake passport numbered L9630722 in 2003 where he got a new identity of Hussain Mubarak Patel – born on 30 August 1968, from Maharashtra, India.

Kulbhushan Sudhir Jadhav (also spelled Kulbhushan Yadav, alleged alias Hussain Mubarak Patel) (born 16 April 1970) is an Indian national who has been incarcerated in Pakistan since 2016.

The Pakistani government alleges that he is a spy for India's intelligence agency, the Research and Analysis Wing and was arrested in the Pakistani province of Balochistan.

The Indian foreign ministry says that he was kidnapped from Iran and illegally rendered to Pakistan.

Jadhav was born to a Marathi family in Sangli, Maharashtra, on 16 April 1970 to Sudhir and Avanti Jadhav.

His father is a retired Mumbai Police officer.

Jadhav is married and has two children.

His family resides in Powai, Mumbai.

According to reports in the Pakistani media, Jadhav joined the Indian National Defence Academy in 1987 and was commissioned in the engineering branch of the Indian Navy in 1991.

Pakistani media has also reported that he began to gather information and intelligence within India after the 2001 attack on the Parliament of India.

After 14 years of service, he was inducted into intelligence operations in 2003 and established a small business in Chabahar in Iran from where he made several undetected visits to Karachi and Balochistan.

Pakistani officials claimed that his job was to destabilise Pakistan by strengthening a separatist movement in Balochistan and Karachi – a mission which officially began in 2013.

Balochistan Home Minister Sarfraz Bugti said that Jadhav was obviously working for RAW and was in contact with Baloch separatists and militants, fueling sectarian violence in the province and the country.

He further added that he was involved in financially supporting militants and that Jadhav has admitted his involvements in Karachi's unrest.

Interrogation also reportedly revealed that naval combat training was being conferred to Baloch separatists, in an attempt to target the ports of Gwadar and Karachi.

Pakistani authorities stated that Jadhav, during his interrogation, gave details about his funding, and plans to destabilise the country.

They added that Jadhav also disclosed the presence of other Indian intelligence operatives in the southern metropolis.

During interrogation Jadhav also reportedly revealed that at Wadh, he was in contact with Haji Baloch, who provided financial and logistic support to Baloch separatists and the IS network in Karachi.

He also said that the masterminds of the Safoora bus attack, where gunmen shot dead 45 Ismaili passengers, were also in contact with Haji Baloch.

Jadhav added that he had met Baloch several times, sometimes for planning sectarian violence in Karachi and the rest of Sindh.

Pakistan said that, based on Jadhav's information, it had arrested hundreds of undercover operatives.

Asim Bajwa told the press that Jadhav converted to Islam, adopted a false identity and worked at Gadani under the cover of a scrap dealer.

He stated that Jadhav established a network of operatives, provided funds, arranged to smuggle people into the country for the purpose of terrorism and reportedly purchased boats at the Iranian port in Chabahar to target Karachi and Gwadar ports in an alleged terrorist plot.

According to him, Jadhav's goal was to sabotage the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor through propaganda – with Gwadar port as a special target – and also to create disharmony among the Baloch nationalist political parties.

He also said that Jadhav told the interrogators to use a code phrase – "your monkey is with us" – to inform his handlers and the Indian authorities about his arrest.

Asim also claimed to have confiscated maps from him and enunciated that there could be no clearer evidence of foreign interference in Pakistan.

The Pakistani government stated that he was a commander in the Indian Navy who was involved in subversive activities inside Pakistan and was arrested on 3 March 2016 during a counter-intelligence operation in Balochistan.

The Indian government recognised Jadhav as a former naval officer but denied any current links with him and maintained that he took premature retirement.

According to the Pakistani government, on 3 March 2016, Jadhav was arrested inside Balochistan in Mashkel near the border region of Chaman.

He was arrested during a counterintelligence raid conducted by security forces.

India denied the claim and said he was abducted from Iran.

Pakistani security forces reported Jadhav as a serving officer in the Indian Navy and stated that he was commissioned to the Research and Analysis Wing (RAW), India's external intelligence agency.

They believed him to be involved in subversive activities in Balochistan and Karachi.

Jadhav was soon shifted to Islamabad for interrogation.

While according to Indian sources, Jadhav was kidnapped by a Mullah Omar Irani of Jaish ul-Adl from Sarbaz City, Iran who later handed over Jadhav to the Pakistani Army.

On 10 April 2017, Jadhav was sentenced to death by a Field General Court Martial in Pakistan.

On 18 May 2017, the International Court of Justice stayed the execution pending the final judgement on the case.

On 17 July 2019, the court rejected India's appeal for Jadhav's release and ordered Pakistan to suspend the execution.

It ruled that Pakistan will have to review the entire process of trial and conviction of Kulbhushan Jadhav and provide India with consular access.

Pakistan allowed one Indian Consulate visit to Jadhav, but subsequent visits have been denied.