Joyce Gilchrist

Joyce Gilchrist (January 11, 1948 – June 14, 2015) was an American forensic chemist who had participated in more than 3,000 criminal cases in 21 years while working for the Oklahoma City Police Department, and who was accused of falsifying evidence to help prosecutors.

Her evidence led in part to 23 people being sentenced to death, 12 of whom have been executed.

After her dismissal, Gilchrist alleged that she was fired in retaliation for reporting sexual misconduct.

Gilchrist earned the nickname "Black Magic" for her ability to match DNA evidence that other forensic examiners could not.

She was also known for being unusually adept at testifying and persuading juries, thus obtaining convictions.

Concerns about Gilchrist's actions were first raised when a landscaper, Jeffrey Todd Pierce, who had been convicted of rape in 1986 largely based on Gilchrist's evidence despite a clean criminal record and good alibi, was exonerated based on additional DNA evidence.

Pierce, a husband and the father of two infant children, was misidentified in a police line-up.

After voluntarily giving hair and blood samples to the police investigators in an attempt to clear his name, he was arrested and charged with the rape.

Gilchrist claimed his hair samples were "microscopically consistent" with the hairs found at the crime scene.

In 1994, Gilchrist was promoted to supervisor from forensic chemist after just nine years on the job, but her colleagues began to raise concerns about her work.

Pierce was cleared of the crime in 2001 after DNA evidence was re-examined, and released after 15 years in prison.

Pierce subsequently filed a lawsuit against Oklahoma City, seeking $75 million and charging that Gilchrist and Bob Macy, a now-retired district attorney, conspired to produce false evidence against him.

Gilchrist was dismissed in September 2001 due to "flawed casework analysis" and "laboratory mismanagement".

She consistently denied any wrongdoing and was never charged with any crime.

Other cases from individuals convicted on Gilchrist's testimony continue to work their way through the courts.

Over 1,700 cases in which Gilchrist's evidence was significant to conviction were reviewed by the State of Oklahoma.

Gilchrist's attorney stated that, "The criticism of [Joyce Gilchrist] around here is second only to that of Timothy McVeigh."

After her dismissal, Gilchrist filed a lawsuit seeking $20.1 million, claiming that her firing was actually motivated by revenge, after she reported sexual misconduct by her supervisor.

The suit was settled for $4 million in 2007, with one Oklahoma City councilman noting that the city could have had to pay much more.

The 12th-season Law & Order episode "Myth of Fingerprints" was inspired by Gilchrist's case.

After her dismissal, Gilchrist relocated to Houston, where she worked for a candle-making company.

She died in Texas on June 14, 2015.