Josip Manolić

Josip Manolić (born 22 March 1920) is a Croatian former politician and communist revolutionary during World War II in Yugoslavia.

Manolić was born on 22 March 1920 in Kalinovac near Đurđevac to a well-to-do working-class family as the youngest of four children.

When he was eight, his family moved to Orlovac near Nova Rača.

He graduated from the secondary Craft School in Bjelovar, where he studied to be a shoemaker.

When he was 18, he joined the League of Communist Youth of Yugoslavia (SKOJ).

He was vice president of the Association of Workers' Unions (URS) for the tanning industry.

He was accepted into the Communist Party of Croatia when he was 19.

In 1940 he was appointed Secretary of the Municipal Committee of SKOJ for Nova Gradiška and was named a member of the Regional Committee of the Communist Party.

After the outbreak of the World War II in Yugoslavia, Manolić was involved in illegal party activity in Nova Gradiška.

He was arrested by the Ustaše authorities in May 1941, along with twelve members of the Communist Party and SKOJ, for multiplying and sharing the Communist Party leaflets.

At first, he was imprisoned in Nova Gradiška, but was later transferred to Slavonska Požega.

Two of the party members were sentenced to death, but were later pardoned and their sentences were reduced to two and three years in prison, respectively.

The rest were released.

After his release, Manolić went to Zagreb, where he agitated for the Yugoslav Partisans.

He remained in Zagreb until October 1942, when he moved to the territory under the partisan control.

As a party agitator, he traveled across Croatia.

With dismissal of Andrija Hebrang in 1944, the whole leadership of SKOJ was dismissed as well, including Manolić, who was Organisational Secretary.

After his dismissal, the Party sent him to Bjelovar.

In March 1944, Manolić became Member of the Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of Croatia for Bjelovar, and was later named Organisational Secretary.

In October 1944, he was named Director of OZNA 2 in Bjelovar, the communist police founded in May 1944.

OZNA 2's jurisdiction were internal affairs, while OZNA 1's jurisdiction was external security and OZNA 3 served within the military.

Under pressure from the Armed Forces of the Independent State of Croatia, the Yugoslav Partisans left Bjelovar, and returned again on 5 May 1945.

His duty, from that point on, was, as Manolić said, to "clear the terrain from the remaining Ustaše and adversary occupational forces".

His jurisdiction was Municipality of Bjelovar, which then included Koprivnica, Križevci, Đurđevac, Vrbovec, Čazma and Ivanić-Grad.

After the war, in spring of 1946, Manolić was dismissed as Chief of OZNA 2 for Bjelovar, and in autumn of the same year, he was sent to be educated at the Military-Political School in Belgrade.

The school was organised according to the Soviet model, and was part of the educational system of the Yugoslav People's Army.

At the end of 1947, Manolić returned to Zagreb, and was named the Chief of the Department for Staff of the State Security Administration of PR Croatia.

On 1 August 1948, Manolić was named the Chief of Department for Execution of Criminal Sentences of the Secretariat of Internal Affairs in Zagreb.

During that time, he participated in imprisonment of Archbishop of Zagreb Aloysius Stepinac.

In 1948 he became a chief for prisons for political prisoners and remained in this office until 1963.

In 1960, Manolić gained a law degree from the Faculty of Law, University of Zagreb.

In 1965 he was elected to the Parliament of the Socialist Republic of Croatia.

As a Member of Parliament, Manolić was Member of the Constitutional Commission, President of the Legislative-Legal Commission and President of the Organisational-Political Committee.

He was reelected as an MP in 1965.

In the aftermath of the Croatian Spring in 1972, Manolić was relieved of all duties and sent into retirement.

He was one of the founders of the Croatian Democratic Union (HDZ), participating at its founding assembly in Jarun, Zagreb.

Manolić was one of closest associates of Franjo Tuđman, the first President of Croatia since the introduction of multi-party elections.

He served as a high-ranking official of the Yugoslav State Security Administration (OZNA or UDBA) and later as Prime Minister of Croatia, from 24 August 1990 to 17 July 1991.

He was the last prime minister of Croatia as a constituent republic of Yugoslavia, as the country formally declared its independence during his term, on 25 June 1991.

Following his brief term as prime minister, Manolić served as the first Speaker of the Chamber of Counties, the then upper house of the Croatian Parliament, from 1993 until 1994.