John Bredenkamp

John Arnold Bredenkamp (11 August 1940 – 18 June 2020) was a Zimbabwean businessman and rugby union footballer.

He was the founder of the Casalee Group.

Born in South Africa, Bredenkamp moved with his family to Southern Rhodesia while he was still a child.

He was orphaned in his mid-teens on his birthday when while he was riding his bike, on return he found his father had shot his mother and sister and then shot himself.

His sister survived the shooting.

He was educated in Southern Rhodesia at Prince Edward School, Salisbury.

Of Dutch ancestry, Bredenkamp registered as a Rhodesian citizen in 1958.

As a Rugby Union international, he captained Rhodesia from 1965 to 1968.

After his graduation, Bredenkamp joined Gallaher Limited, an international tobacco company in Zimbabwe (then Rhodesia), as a leaf buyer.

In 1968 he was transferred to Niemeyer in the Netherlands, where he rose to the position of leaf director.

Bredenkamp's career took off in earnest during the late 1970s when he became deeply involved in the commercial affairs of the embargoed UDI regime in Rhodesia.

It has been claimed that he effectively ran the finances of the Rhodesian armed forces during the later stages of the Bush War.

In this capacity, he brokered export sales of Rhodesian products (mainly tobacco) and used the proceeds to fund the purchase of munitions and military equipment.

His "sanctions busting" deals (often involving complex barter transactions) sustained the UDI regime for far longer than would otherwise have been possible.

These deals were entirely legal under Rhodesian law.

After leaving Gallaher in 1976, Bredenkamp founded the Casalee Group of companies registered in Antwerp, Belgium.

It is believed that the Casalee operation was involved in the sale of Rhodesian tobacco on world markets, through evasion of UN sanctions.

Casalee was primarily a leaf tobacco merchanting company but was also engaged in general trading and an active initiator of counter trade and barter deals.

The Casalee Group grew over 16 years to become the fifth largest tobacco merchant in the world and the biggest non-US leaf tobacco company.

The Group employed 2,500 people and had offices in all the major tobacco growing countries in the world including the USA (Winston-Salem), Argentina, Brazil, Bulgaria, China, Greece, India, Indonesia, Italy, Portugal, Russia, Spain, Thailand, Turkey and Yugoslavia.

The company owned tobacco-processing factories in the Netherlands, Zimbabwe, Malawi and Brazil.

After independence in 1980, Bredenkamp left Zimbabwe and moved his base of operations to Belgium.

However, he remained involved in commodity trading and defence procurement.

He made himself useful in certain quarters.

He was reported to have lost Zimbabwean citizenship "by default" in 1984, but this was restored to him shortly thereafter.

Bredenkamp was reported to hold Zimbabwean, South African and Dutch passports.

In 1984 he made his peace with the rulers of the new Zimbabwe and was able to return home.

Zimbabwe provided a hospitable base for Bredenkamp's dealings with customers in Africa and the Middle East.

These dealings made Bredenkamp and his associates very wealthy men.

They also helped sustain the Zimbabwean economy in a time of some turbulence.

Bredenkamp gained considerable clout in the political and economic affairs of Zimbabwe.

The Casalee Group of companies was sold in 1993 to Universal Leaf Tobacco, the largest leaf tobacco company in the world.

Since then, Bredenkamp has expanded his business interests into many other different areas, mainly through the Zimbabwe registered Breco company.

It is known that he played a significant role in the events surrounding Zimbabwe's intervention in the DRC between 1998 and 2003.

This intervention involved using the Zimbabwean army and air force to support the Kabila government in its war with rebels backed by Uganda and Rwanda.

There appears to have been some linkage between the intervention and generous mining concessions granted by the DRC to figures in the Zimbabwe political and business elite.

When Zimbabwe was subject to EU sanctions from 1999 onwards, the Mugabe regime was able to call on sanctions busting expertise from the UDI era to keep its armed forces supplied.

Bredenkamp became something of a power behind the scenes in the ruling ZANU-PF party.

It is claimed that he sought to facilitate the early retirement of President Mugabe in 2004 and his replacement by Emmerson Mnangagwa, former Security Minister and Speaker of Parliament.

The matter of his nationality was a matter of dispute with some Zimbabwean officials towards the end of 2006.