Ivan Chernyakhovsky

Ivan Danilovich Chernyakhovsky (Иван Данилович Черняховский; ; 29 June 1907 – 18 February 1945) was the youngest-ever Soviet General of the army.

For his leadership during World War II he was awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union twice.

Ivan Chernyakhovsky was born on 29 June 1907 in Oksanyna, Russian Empire (now Ukraine).

His father was a railwayman who died of typhus when his son was nine.

He was a railway worker until joining the Red Army in 1924.

General Bagramyan's 1st Baltic Front and General Chernyakhovsky's 3rd Belorussian Front struck to the north and south of Vitebsk and took the city on June 27.

Chernyakhovsky's left wing then took Orsha – this meant that the Moscow–Minsk highway could now be used to threaten the German rear.

In 1928 he finished the officer school in Kiev.

Chernyakhovsky left the 28th Tank Division in late August, but returned to the division on 13 December after it had been converted to the 241st Rifle Division.

He died from wounds received outside Königsberg at age 37 while in command of the 3rd Belorussian Front.

Due to the rapid pre-war expansion of the military and 1937–1938 military purges, he quickly rose in rank.

In 1938 he became commander of the 9th Light Tank Brigade.

In March 1941 he became the commander of the 28th Tank Division in the Baltic Military District.

In June 1942 he was promoted to commander of the 18th Tank Corps defending Voronezh, and only a month later assumed command of the 60th Army.

On 8 February 1943, elements of Chernyakhovsky's 60th Army hoisted a victorious Red Banner over the city of Kursk after a fast advance to the city from Voronezh, which was retaken some two weeks before.

Operation Bagration was launched after a four-month break in activities because of the spring thaw.

The Soviets launched their attack on June 22 on four fronts with 146 infantry and 43 armored division.

The Soviets had swept the Germans from Belorussia by mid-July 1944 and they pressed their advantage by attacking Poland.

In the north Generals Chernyakhovsky and Zakharov joined to take Białystok on 18 July.

On 17 July 1944, as part of a covert operation aimed at disarming Armia Krajowa (AK), Chernyakhovsky, along with the General Ivan Serov, sent by the NKVD, held talks with the leadership of the Wilno Branch of the AK.

Under the false pretenses of discussing the further fight against the Nazis, Polish resistance officers were invited to a briefing in the headquarters of the Belarusian People's Front.

The meeting was attended by Polish resistance officers Lieutenant Colonel Aleksander Krzyżanowski, nom de guerre "Wolf", and the Chief of Staff Major Teodor Cetys, codename "Fame".

Both were immediately disarmed and arrested.

On the same day in the village of Bogusze, a similar meeting was announced to brief commanders of other Polish partisan units in the presence of both Krzyżanowski and Chernyakhovsky.

However the 'briefing' ended with the disarming and arrest of the Polish officers by the NKVD.

In this period, up to 8,000 Polish resistance fighters were arrested.

They were either press-ganged into the Soviet Army, sent to the Gulag, or executed.

In summer 1944 General Chernyakhovsky pressed the Germans on the frontiers of their own land in East Prussia.

His 3rd Belorussian Front drove across the Neman River, taking Kaunas on 1 August, and pressed the eastern border of East Prussia.

To the south, General Zakharov's 2nd Belorussian Front, north of the Pripet Marshes, destroyed a force of 70,000 at Babruysk on that day.

Chernyakhovsky's army now headed for Minsk.

On July 2 his mobile forces reached Stolbtsy within pre-war borders of Poland, 40 miles away.

General Rotmistrov's tanks entered Minsk on 3 July and by 10 July, twenty-five of Army Group Centre’s thirty-three divisions were encircled.

The offensive pressed on to Baranavichy (8 July) and to Grodno (13 July).

In the south Rokossovsky cleared the Pripet Marshes taking Pinsk and Kovel on 5 July.

In the north Bagramyan turned to the Baltic States and took Vilnius in Lithuania and Daugavpils in Latvia on 13 July.

This split the Army Group North in two (East Prussia and the Baltic States).

The Soviets arrived on the current Polish border within 24 days and, after 68 days, claimed to have taken 158,000 men, 2,000 tanks, 10,000 guns, and 57,000 motor vehicles.

They also claimed to have killed 381,000 Germans.

It was a colossal defeat for the Germans and Hitler dismissed Busch from the command of Army Group Centre, replacing him with Model.