Isabel Bishop

Isabel Bishop (March 3, 1902 – February 19, 1988) was an American painter and graphic artist.

Bishop studied under Kenneth Hayes Miller at the Art Students League of New York, where she would later become an instructor.

She was most notable for her scenes of everyday life in Manhattan, as a member of the loosely-defined ‘Fourteenth Street School’ of artists, grouped in that precinct.

Union Square features prominently in her work, which mainly depicts female figures.

Bishop’s paintings won the American Academy of Arts and Letters Award, among other distinctions.

Bishop was born the youngest of five siblings in Cincinnati, Ohio.

Founders of a prep school in Princeton, New Jersey, her parents were highly educated individuals and descendants from East coast mercantile families.

Though the family descended from old wealth, their immediate status was of the middle class, and financial insecurity forced the family to move often.

Bishop spent her childhood years in Detroit, Michigan.

In every new city the Bishop family would move to, John, Isabel's father, would become involved with a local school.

Oftentimes becoming the principal or eventually owning the school.

Bishop compared growing up and moving around with her parents to be like being an only child, because her siblings were fifteen plus years older than her and didn't live with her family at the time.

Her father was a scholar of Greek and Latin.

Her siblings, two sets of twins, were older than her by well over a decade.

One set of twins, a boy and a girl, were twelve years older; the other set of twins, also a boy and girl, were fifteen years old at the time of her birth. Her mother was emotionally indifferent and distant from Bishop; she was a suffragist, feminist and aspiring writer who urged her daughters to become independent, strong women.

After the family relocated to Detroit, Bishop began her art education at the age of 12 in a Saturday morning life drawing class at the John Wicker Art School in Detroit.

In 1918, at the age of 15, Bishop graduated high school and began art studies at John Wicker's art school in Detroit, Michigan.

She later moved to New York City to study illustration at the New York School of Applied Design for Women.

During the early 1920s she also studied and painted in Woodstock, New York.

Throughout the 1920s and 1930s she developed a realist style of painting, primarily depicting women in their daily routine on the streets of Manhattan.

Her work was greatly influenced by Peter Paul Rubens and other Dutch and Flemish painters that she had discovered during trips to Europe.

After two years there she shifted from illustration to painting, and attended the Art Students League for four years until 1924.

It was there that she studied with Guy Pène du Bois and with Kenneth Hayes Miller, from whom she adapted a technique which owed much to baroque Flemish painting.

In addition, she learned from other early modernists including Max Weber and Robert Henri.

In 1932, Bishop began showing her work frequently at the newly opened Midtown Galleries, where her work would be represented throughout her career.

Bishop takes inspiration from Rubens by adding a light Ochre-ish tone to all her works, allowing for the painting to be rendered in any way.

Her work was included in the first three iterations of the Whitney Biennial in 1932, 1934, and 1936, as well as ten subsequent annual exhibitions at the Whitney Museum of American Art.

In 1934, Bishop married Dr. Harold G. Wolff, a neurologist, and moved to Riverdale New York.

She returned to the Art Students League as an instructor from 1936 to 1937.

In 1963, she went to Yale University School of Fine Arts, New Haven.

Bishop was described as an eager intellectual who was naturally inquisitive and independent in her ways.

In this period, women were becoming very active in the arts community, yet were still taken for granted.

Bishop pushed against this attitude toward women artists with her insistence on applying herself both academically and politically in the art realm.

Throughout her educational ventures, she was fully funded by her father's cousin, James Bishop Ford, who aided her family in their time of need.

Writing on this financial sponsorship, Isabel Bishop states that she viewed her gender as an advantage: "I was lucky. I think if I had been a man the relative who sponsored my whole studenthood might not have done so. Men are supposed to make their own way. Young women were supposed to marry. But a young woman putting so much time and effort—being so serious—that was different—that interested him. I don't think he would have subsidized me if I had been a boy."

For the first time that she taught at The Art Students League in New York, she was the only full time woman teacher in that school.

However, she continued to work in a loft studio near Union Square at 9 West Fourteenth St, which she continued to use until 1984.

She became interested in the interaction of form and ground and the mobility of everyday life, what she called "unfixity", life and movement captured on canvas.

Her style is noted for its sensitive modeling of form and "a submarine pearliness and density of atmosphere".

During this time, Bishop began working in various printing techniques, most notably aquatint.