Irene Falcón

She obtained a position as a librarian for Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934).

He was a biologist who won the Nobel Prize.

Irene Rodríguez, née Irene Carlota Berta Lewy y Rodríguez (27 November 1907 – 19 August 1999) was a Spanish journalist, feminist, pacifist and Communist activist.

For many years she was the assistant of Dolores Ibárruri, leader of the Spanish Communist Party, and she is best known for this role.

After the Spanish Civil War she was forced into exile in Moscow and Beijing.

Irene Lewy Rodríguez was born in Madrid on 27 November 1907, the second of three sisters.

Her father was Siegried Levy Herzberg, a middle-class Polish Jew.

Her father died when she was five, and to survive her mother rented rooms in their house in the Calle de Trafalgar.

Irene was educated at the German College and learned four languages.

In 1922 Irene Lewy met the Peruvian journalist César Falcón (1892–1970), and fell in love.

Two years later the newspaper El Sol asked Falcón to move to London as a correspondent.

They married, and Irene accompanied him.

She was contracted as correspondent by the daily La Voz (The Voice), a Spanish newspaper.

Their son Mayo was born in London in May 1926 but was not registered at the Spanish consulate due to concerns with the dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera.

Irene and César returned to Spain after Primo de Rivera fell in 1930.

The Falcóns published Historia Nueva (New History) and launched the party Izquierda Revolucionaria y Antiimperialista (IRYA: Anti-Imperialist Revolutionary Left).

Irene founded the feminist organization Mujeres Antifascistas (Anti-Fascist Women).

She edited a collection of books by women, the best feminist literature of the time, including work by Doris Langley Moore, Vera Inber and Dora Russell, wife of Bertrand Russell, whom Irene had met in London.

Irene wrote in the preface to Dora Russell's Hypatia,

"Female emancipation must bring peace to the people, must avoid by all means a repetition of the horrors of war, where their children, subjects of civilized nations, kill and are killed for no reason, bound by a false patriotism because true patriotism is the love of humanity. If mothers, wives know how to explain this to his men with intelligence, they will manage to overcome the pull of the trumpets and drums and all the decorative deception of militarism."

The Falcóns joined the Spanish Communist Party in 1932, when IRYA merged into that party.

There Irene met Dolores Ibárruri, known as Pasionaria.

They lost their jobs with the newspapers, and lived in poverty in a slum in Madrid.

They formed the Teatro Proletario, a theater group.

This group, also called Nosotros ("Us"), was formed in 1933 and performed work by Maxim Gorky and the classic anti-war drama Hinkemann by Ernst Toller.

In the summer of 1933 they visited Moscow with the Teatro Proletario group.

The Soviet press reported in depth on their performances.

The Spanish Committee of Women against War and Fascism, affiliated with the World Committee Against War and Fascism, was created with a committee controlled by the PCE.

In August 1934 the Spanish committee sent a delegation to the World Congress of Women against War and Fascism in Paris.

Ibárruri led the group, which included two Republicans and two Communists, Encarnación Fuyola and Irene Falcón.

The Spanish committee was dissolved in October 1934 during the repression that followed the Asturian miners' strike.

In 1934 Irene went to Moscow as correspondent of Mundo Obrero (Worker's World), the PCE newspaper.

She returned to Spain in 1937 during the Spanish Civil War (1936–39) to help Dolores Ibárruri, and became her close colleague and friend until Ibárruri's death in November 1989.

She used the pseudonym "Toboso".

Early in March 1939 she helped arrange the evacuation of senior party members from Spain.

Ibárruri left for Oran on 6 March 1939.

Irene Falcón went into exile with Ibárruri in Paris and then the USSR.

There she worked for the underground Radio Pirenaica.

The Falcóns' marriage broke down because César Falcón could not remain faithful.

She returned to Spain after the return to democracy in 1977.