Hamid Algadri

Hamid Algadri or Hamid Al-Gadri (حامد القدرى, ; 1912-1998) was an Indonesian independence fighter and was meritorious in negotiating the Linggadjati Agreement, Renville Agreement, Dutch–Indonesian Round Table Conference (Konferensi Meja Bundar, KMB) and one of the members of parliament in the founding days of the Republic of Indonesia.

Hamid was born in Pasuruan on July 10, 1912.

In the beginning, he had difficulty in securing entry to a Dutch elementary school, Europeesche Lagere School due to his non-Caucasian race and age, succeeding only after his father lied about his age to look two years older and persistence of his grandfather by threatening to return his medal of Netherlands if Hamid was not admitted.

His father was an Arab Muwallad named Muhammad, and his paternal grandfather named Alim Algadri, a Hadhrami descent born in Surat, India who married a local Indian woman and later migrated to East Java and was given the position as the Kapitan Arab in Pasuruan, a position in the colonial system solely for Arab Indonesians.

He had a younger brother, Ali, a businessman and former diplomat who was born in 1918 and served as an Indonesian ambassador in Myanmar from 1949 until 1950.

His grandfather started selling horses before becoming a successful businessman in real-estate.

From this mixed family life, Hamid mastered Indonesian, Javanese and Urdu, besides Dutch from his formal education.

He received his basic education from ELS, which he continued to middle school (MULO) 1928 - 1933, and AMS (High school) majoring in Classical Western civilizations from 1933 to 1936.

In 1930 Hamid affiliated himself in Jong Islamieten Bond (JIB) in Surabaya, a youth organization initiated by nationalist activists such as Agus Salim.

While still as student, Hamid joined the Arab Union of Indonesia (Persatuan Arab Indonesia or PAI) which was established in 1934 by AR Baswedan.

Hamid Algadri worked in the Secretariat of the Prime Minister.

He moved to Batavia in 1936 and became student in the Recht Hoge School (RHS, law school) in Batavia, but was unable to finish because the University was closed during Japanese occupation in 1942.

One day he accompanied Prime Minister Sutan Sjahrir and his entourage in a special train going from Jakarta to Yogyakarta in the late 1945.

Riding in the special train some high-ranking Indonesian officials such as Djokosutono, Tanuwijaya Djojohadikusomo and Didi Kartasasmita.

He later moved to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, later as Secretary of the Ministry of Information as well as a member of the Central Indonesian National Committee (KNIP).

When Sjahrir became head of KNIP, Hamid who was in Pasuruan was summoned and given the task to work in Jakarta.

At that time Soedjatmoko, Soedarpo, Soebadio Sastrosatomo were called de jongens van Sjahrir (the children of Sjahrir).

Hamid Algadri was also included in it and became member of the working committee of KNIP.

During this period (1945 - 1949) he was also a high ranking official in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Executive secretary of the Ministry of Information under Minister Mohammad Natsir, and editor of Sikap, a political magazine of PSI.

At a young age in Jakarta, Hamid lived on 13 Serang street.

Hamid was chosen as one of the advisors to the Indonesian delegation during the negotiations of the Renville Agreement and Linggadjati Agreement.

When the Dutch military aggression (Operation Product) broke out on 21 July 1947, Hamid along with other members of the Republican delegation in Jakarta were arrested, but with the intervention of Willem Schermerhorn, the chairman of the General Commission of the Netherlands, they were released immediately.

After the Renville Agreement was signed in January 1948, the Dutch began to establish smaller states such as State of East Sumatra, State of Madura, State of Pasundan and State of East Indonesia (NIT) to oppose the creation of united Indonesian republic.

Hamid and Ali Budiardjo then co-founded the plebiscite movement for Indonesia to campaign to the west to win supports of western countries.

The movement tried to thwart the establishment of the State of Pasundan, but was not successful.

He also participated in the Indonesian delegation as an adviser to the Round Table Conference (RTC) in The Hague in 1949.

The RTC produced an agreement for transfer of sovereignty from the Netherlands to Indonesia in late December 1949.

At the time Hamid was member of parliament in the Foreign Affairs Commission, and had frequent official visits to various countries in Asia and Europe.

He was member of delegation to the United Nations, United Kingdom and Pakistan.

After Indonesian Independence and with the initiative of Prof. Djokosoetono (the first Dean of the Faculty of Law at Universitas Indonesia and co-founder of Indonesian Police Academy), he was able to earn his master in de rechten (MR, Master in Law) in 1952.

He was the first Arab-Indonesian who entered the university.

At the university, Hamid was active in youth organizations within or outside campus, such as at Perhimpunan Pelajar-Pelajar Indonesia (PPPI, Indonesian Student Association), Indonesia Muda (Young Indonesia), Studenten Islam Studie Club, Unitas Studiosorum Indonesisensis and Baperpi (Badan Persatuan Pelajar Indonesia, Indonesian Student Association Board).

His youth career was such as being an editor of USI magazine and as vice president of Baperpi.

In 1952, Habib Bourguiba and Tayeb Salim of Neo Destour Party of Tunisia came to Indonesia to ask for help gaining independence from France.

Then in 1956, Lakhdhar Brahimi and Muhammad Ben Yahya, from Algeria came asking for similar help.

At that time Hamid was the Committee Chairman of the Foreign Affairs in the Indonesian parliament.

He was officially given the responsibility to assist both groups, and he eventually became Secretary General of Algeria and Tunisia Aid Committee.

Tunisia and Algeria asked for moral and material supports for their struggle from political parties.

Indonesia, through Hamid's leadership, helped them by providing offices, cars, and a monthly allowance for their representatives in Jakarta, and by arranging that some foreign exchange from the sale of rubber were sent to them.

Indonesia also sent an experienced guerrilla fighter, General Suwarto, to Algeria.