Gus O'Donnell

Augustine Thomas O'Donnell, Baron O'Donnell, (born 1 October 1952) is a former British senior civil servant and economist, who between 2005 and 2011 (under three Prime Ministers) served as the Cabinet Secretary, the highest official in the British Civil Service.

He was a lecturer at the University of Glasgow in the Political Economy Department from 1975 until 1979, when he joined the Treasury as an economist.

In 1985, O'Donnell joined the British Embassy in Washington, serving as the First Secretary of the Economics division for four years.

In 1989 he became press secretary for the Chancellor of the Exchequer before transferring next door to serve as press secretary to the prime minister from 1990 to 1994.

From 1997 to 1998, O'Donnell was the United Kingdom's executive director to both the International Monetary Fund and the World Bank, again in Washington, before returning to HM Treasury to serve as both director of Macroeconomic Policy and Prospects and also head of the Government Economics Service, with overall responsibility for the professional economists in Her Majesty's Government.

A year later, in 1999, he was appointed managing director of Macroeconomic Policy and International Finance, with responsibility for Fiscal Policy, International Development, and European Union Economic and Monetary Union.

On 8 July 2002, O'Donnell took over from Sir Andrew Turnbull as Permanent Secretary of the Treasury following the appointment of Sir Andrew as Cabinet Secretary.

Three years later, on 15 June 2005, it was announced that O'Donnell would again replace Turnbull, this time as Cabinet Secretary, on the latter's imminent retirement.

He took up office in August 2005.

O'Donnell is known for his "wondrous interpersonal gifts" and his informal style.

He regularly visited Civil Service departments outside London "to meet civil servants at work".

During his time as Cabinet Secretary, his authority was seen as absolute, giving rise to the affectionate nickname "GOD" based on his initials as they appeared in Government papers.

The annual remuneration for this position was £235,000.

In his role as Cabinet Secretary, O'Donnell was responsible for overseeing the review of Christopher Meyer's controversial memoirs, DC Confidential, in November 2005.

The previous month he had told the Public Administration Select Committee that it was "wrong" for civil servants to publish personal memoirs.

O'Donnell announced after the 2010 General Election that he would step down within that Parliament and did so at the end of 2011.

His post was then split into three positions: he was succeeded as Cabinet Secretary by Sir Jeremy Heywood, as Head of the Home Civil Service by Sir Bob Kerslake (in a part-time role), and as Permanent Secretary in the Cabinet Office by Ian Watmore.

Whilst Cabinet Secretary, he was regularly referred to within the Civil Service, and subsequently in the popular press, as GOD; this was mainly because of his initials.

Channel 4 News on 10 August 2010 had reported that O'Donnell would leave his post before the end of the current Parliament.

In November 2010, O'Donnell published a draft copy of the Cabinet manual.

This document outlines the laws, rules and conventions that apply to the British executive.

In January 2011, it emerged that O'Donnell had decided not to publish correspondence sent between Tony Blair and George W Bush prior to the 2003 invasion.

The papers were, however, provided to the Iraq Inquiry itself.

His reasoning is explained in several documents between himself and Sir John Chilcot.

On 11 October 2011, it was announced by Downing Street that O'Donnell was to retire at the end of the year.

His successor was announced as the Downing Street Permanent Secretary Jeremy Heywood.

However the roles of Cabinet Secretary, Head of the Civil Service and Permanent Secretary at the Cabinet Office were split.

On 22 December 2011, O'Donnell said that the future of the Union is one of several "enormous challenges" facing the political establishment in the coming years.

"Over the next few years there will be enormous challenges, such as whether to keep our kingdom united," he warns officials and politicians.

In addition to being the chair of Frontier Economics, O'Donnell is visiting professor to the London School of Economics and University College London.

He is a trustee of the Economist Group.

He is a strategic adviser to the chief executive of Toronto Dominion Bank, a fellow of the Institute for Government and was the chairman of the Commission on Wellbeing at the Legatum Institute.

In 2012, he joined Frontier Economics as a senior advisor.

O'Donnell was born and raised in south London.

Educated at Salesian College, Battersea, he read Economics at the University of Warwick before taking his MPhil degree at Nuffield College, Oxford.

On 10 January 2012, O'Donnell was created a life peer as Baron O'Donnell, of Clapham in the London Borough of Wandsworth, and was introduced in the House of Lords, where he sits as a crossbencher, on 12 January 2012.

In 2015, he was co-author of the report that launched the Global Apollo Programme, which calls for developed nations to commit to spending 0.02% of their GDP for 10 years, to fund co-ordinated research to make carbon-free baseload electricity less costly than electricity from coal by 2025.

O'Donnell has been a leader in the wellbeing and happiness movements.

He chaired the development group of founding partners setting up the What Works Centre for Wellbeing.

He is a supporter of Action for Happiness, and has spoken at the University of Oxford Wellbeing Research Centre's Wellbeing Research & Policy Conference.