Guo Boxiong

Guo Boxiong (born July 1942) is a former general of the People's Liberation Army of China.

Afterwards Guo became commander of the 47th Group Army for three years.

In August 1958, Guo, aged 16 and just finished middle school, began working at a military factory in Xingping, Shaanxi province.

Guo joined the People's Liberation Army in 1960.

Two years later, he joined the Chinese Communist Party.

Guo was trained at China's National Defense University and the Xi'an Army Academy in People's Liberation Army Military Academy where he graduated.

Guo Boxiong has a brother, Guo Boquan (郭伯权) born in 1961, who, until 2015, headed up the Department of Civil Affairs of Shaanxi province and a former official in the city of Weinan.

Guo earned a series of promotions in the 1970s.

In the 55th Division of the 19th Army, Guo rose from a soldier to chief of staff of the 55th Division by 1982.

By 1983 Guo was chief of staff of the 19th Army until 1985, when he became deputy chief of staff of the Lanzhou Military Region after a major re-organization of the PLA that took place under Deng Xiaoping.

In 1993 Guo became deputy commander of the Beijing Military Region, the heart of China's defense establishment, and in 1997 commander of the Lanzhou Military Region.

In September 1999, Guo became a member of the Central Military Commission, deputy chief of staff, and was also promoted to the rank of General (the highest rank in the army).

He served as the Vice Chairman of the Central Military Commission, China's top military council, between 2002 and 2012.

During the same period he also held a seat in the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, China's top decision-making body.

In 2002, at the 16th National Congress of the Chinese Communist Party, Guo became the member of Politburo and the vice-chairman of the Central Military Commission (CMC), serving alongside Hu Jintao, who became nominal General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party at the same Congress.

The Vice-Chairmanship of the CMC is the highest executive position given to military officers.

Guo served for ten years.

He retired from the Politburo in 2012 and the Central Military Commission in 2013.

After Guo's retirement, Xi Jinping, the General Secretary of the Chinese Communist Party and supreme commander of the PLA, began a far-reaching anti-corruption campaign.

Guo was subject of intense rumours surrounding possible involvement with corruption during his time in office, particularly in overseas Chinese media.

Guo and his former colleague of the same rank, retired general Xu Caihou, attended a new year's gala in early 2014, signalling that both may have "weathered the storm".

However, shortly thereafter, in the summer of 2014, as part of the fallout of the Gu Junshan case, Xu was court-martialed and expelled from the party.

After Xu's fall, Guo was euphemistically referred to in Chinese-language media as the "Northwest Wolf" (西北狼), an oblique reference to Xi Jinping's slogan to "crack down on 'tigers' and 'flies'."

Sensing impending doom, friends from Guo's hometown visited Guo in Beijing, urging him to "clarify the situation to the authorities" to avoid the same fate as Xu.

In response, Guo reportedly said, "some things cannot be easily clarified."

His fate was sealed.

He was expelled from the Communist Party on 30 July 2015.

In February 2015, Guo's son, Guo Zhenggang, a rear admiral in the PLA Navy, and his wife, were detained for investigation by military authorities in connection to business and real estate dealings.

This was followed by reports in international media that Guo himself was also undergoing investigation.

On March 5, in response to a reporter's question about whether Guo Boxiong was under investigation, the party's main anti-corruption crusader in the military, General Liu Yuan, responded simply with the phrase "ni dongde" (that is, "I think you know what I mean.")

After approval from the Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party, Guo was placed under investigation on April 9, 2015, by the Commission for Discipline Inspection of the Central Military Commission.

On July 30, following another Politburo meeting, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection, the party's top anti-corruption body, released a statement charging Guo with taking bribes personally and through his family in exchange "for aiding in the promotion [of officers]."

He was duly expelled from the Chinese Communist Party and his case moved to military prosecution authorities for further processing.

Boquan was reportedly detained by the authorities for investigation in March 2015, though it seemed that he was able to maintain his position following Guo Boxiong's investigation.

Guo Boxiong has a son, Guo Zhenggang, who was a major general in the People's Liberation Army, who held a leading military post in Zhejiang province; Zhenggang was also detained for investigation in February 2015.

On July 25, 2016, he was sentenced to life imprisonment for bribery.

Guo was born in Liquan County, Shaanxi province.

On July 25, 2016, Guo was sentenced to life imprisonment for bribery.

Guo was, remarkably, the fourth member of the 17th Politburo of the Chinese Communist Party to be expelled from the Communist Party (the first three were Bo Xilai, Zhou Yongkang, and Xu Caihou).