Gohar Ayub Khan

Gohar Ayub Khan (گوہر ایوب خان; 8 January 1937 – 17 November 2023) was a Pakistani politician, business oligarch, army officer, and conservative figure of the Pakistan Muslim League, who held ministerial positions during the administration of prime minister Nawaz Sharif.

Gohar Ayub Khan hailed from the village of Rehana, located in the Haripur District of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province and belonged to the Tareen tribe of ethnic Pashtuns.

He was fluent in Hindko and Pashto.

Gohar Ayub was born in the village of Rehana, in Haripur District during the British Raj in the North-West Frontier Province (present day Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) into a military family on 8 January 1937.

Although a Hindko speaker, Gohar Ayub was fluent in his native language Pashto and came from a Pashtun family that belongs to the Tareen tribe of Pashtuns.

His father, Ayub Khan, was a senior commanding officer in the British Army and later ascended to staff and field operational assignments in the Pakistan Army.

Gohar Ayub joined the Pakistan Army in 1957, and trained at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst in the United Kingdom.

Upon his return from the UK, he began serving active duty with the Pakistan Army and started to work on staff appointments.

Ayub Khan subsequently became President of Pakistan through a bloodless military coup that commenced in 1958.

Gohar Ayub was sent to study at the military-controlled Army Burn Hall College and eventually moved on to attend Saint Mary's Academy, a private school in Rawalpindi.

In 1958 he began to serve as his father's aide-de-camp, travelling with him on several foreign trips throughout Europe, the Americas, the Soviet Union, and Asia.

He did not rise beyond the rank of Captain during his time in the army, despite his father's support.

In his army records, there are allegations of professional and behavioural misconduct.

Educated at the Royal Military Academy Sandhurst, after graduation, Gohar Ayub Khan was commissioned in the Pakistan Army in 1959.

During his military service, he served as his father's aide-de-camp, travelling with him on several foreign trips.

Upon his resignation in 1962 with the rank of captain, he established a business conglomerate and entered politics in 1974.

Gohar Ayub was prematurely given retirement in 1962 by the Army's Promotion Branch, despite his father's efforts to stop the investigations against his son.

After his early retirement, he and his father-in-law, General (retired) Habibullah Khan established a private industrial firm, the Universal Insurance Co. Ltd.

He was the son of former president and field marshal, Ayub Khan, and played an influential role in sustaining his father's presidential rule after the 1965 presidential election.

Ayub Khan reportedly played an influential, but controversial, role in Karachi after his father's election in the allegedly rigged 1965 presidential election against Fatima Jinnah.

This move led to fierce clashes between rival political groups.

Gohar Ayub also faced criticism during that time on questions of family corruption and cronyism through his business links with his father-in-law.

Gohar Ayub had been a long-standing member of the Pakistan Muslim League and was elected five times to the National Assembly from his home constituency.

He first successfully contested a presidential election in March 1965 on a Muslim League platform.

During the 1971 War, Gohar Ayub briefly returned to active service, seeing action in the Punjab border areas.

Khan first contested the 1977 general election through the Independence Movement platform but later joined the Islamic Democratic Alliance (IDA) in 1988.

In 1977, he contested the National Assembly seat from Peshawar Jail and was elected on the ticket of Asghar Khan's Independence Movement party, defeating the candidate Akhtar Nawaz Khan of the Pakistan People's Party.

After the 1990 general election he was appointed the 14th speaker of the National Assembly.

After successfully contesting the 1990 general election, Ayub Khan was appointed the 14th Speaker of the National Assembly of Pakistan on 4 November 1990, remaining until 1993.

Gohar Ayub also served as senior vice president of the Pakistan Muslim League from 1990 to 1993.

He was succeeded by Yousaf Raza Gillani (later Prime minister) after the 1993 general election.

After his re-election in 1993, Gohar Ayub became deputy leader of the opposition in the National Assembly.

He became the 20th minister of Foreign Affairs after securing his seat with a heavy margin in the 1997 general election.

After securing a heavy mandate from his constituency, Gohar Ayub was appointed as the 20th Minister of Foreign Affairs in 1997 by Prime Minister Nawaz Sharif.

Later he shifted to the energy department, serving as Minister for Water and Power beginning 7 August 1998.

Gohar Ayub publicly backed Prime Minister Sharif in authorising a nuclear testing programme in response to India's nuclear test in May 1998.

Although the prime minister was much more subdued, Gohar Ayub reportedly issued hostile statements and began to call for atomic tests in response to India.

He prematurely issued media reports to the media, which reportedly displeased the prime minister.

On 7 August 1998, Gohar Ayub was replaced by economic minister Sartaj Aziz (who put forth efforts to make peace between India and Pakistan), and was reassigned as Minister for Water and Power, a position he filled until he was ousted and forced to resign on 12 October 1999 as a result of a military coup commenced by General Pervez Musharraf.

His term was abruptly ended on 12 October 1999 by General Pervez Musharraf, and he subsequently retired from national politics.