George Wallington

His date of birth has been given as both 1923 and 1924, with his obituary in The New York Times identifying his date of birth as October 27, 1923 and other sources dating his birth to October 27, 1924.

George Wallington (October 27, 1924 – February 15, 1993) was an American jazz pianist and composer.

Wallington moved to New York City with his family in 1925.

His father sang opera and introduced his son to classical music, but after listening to saxophonist Lester Young and Count Basie's orchestra, he "was smitten with the expressive and emotional power of jazz."

He said that he acquired the name Wallington in high school because he liked "to wear flashy clothes [...] and the kids in the neighborhood would say, 'Hey, look at Wallington!'" According to his brother Peter, however, the nickname was given to him by tenor saxophonist Stan Getz.

During his teenage years, he studied at Juilliard, but left school at the age of 15 or 16 to play piano in New York.

Born in Sicily, his career as a pianist began in the early 1940s, when he played with Dizzy Gillespie and Charlie Parker and contributed to the development of bebop.

Following several years as a sideman during the late 1940s, he formed his own group, experimenting with trios and a string ensemble before settling upon a permanent quintet.

He began to use "Wallington" as his stage name at nightclub gigs in the city during the early 1940s.

Dizzy Gillespie, a young trumpet player who was developing the style of jazz that came to be known as bebop, formed a band with bassist Oscar Pettiford, and drummer Max Roach to play regularly at the Onyx Club in 1943.

An agreement with bandleader Cootie Williams to secure pianist Bud Powell for the gig fell apart, and after a short stint during which Billy Taylor used his intermissions from another club date to play with the group, Wallington was secured as the house pianist.

Starting in 1946, Wallington was hired by numerous soloists – including Gerry Mulligan, Al Cohn, and Kai Winding – as a sideman.

Others with whom he played include Serge Chaloff, Allen Eager, Terry Gibbs, Zoot Sims, and Red Rodney.

His best-known compositions from this era are "Lemon Drop," which was played by Woody Herman's band, and "Godchild," played for The Birth of the Cool recordings led by Miles Davis.

A recording session produced by Norman Granz included Charlie Parker and Wallington with strings but was not released.

In fact, prior to 1949 Wallington had no records under his own name despite being one of the busiest musicians in New York.

A recording of Wallington in Chaloff's band, one of the few from this period, indicated his playing style was "urgent and fiery...but with its own sense of time, touch and phrasing."

His first opportunity to record as leader came in May 1949, when he recorded two trio tracks with bassist Curley Russell and drummer Charlie Perry for Savoy.

The second half of this session included a septet with Jerry Lloyd, Kai Winding, Brew Moore, Mulligan, and the two members of his trio.

Recording for his first trio album was completed two years later; Savoy's The George Wallington Trio paired four tracks from his 1949 session with several tracks from a trio session with Russell and Max Roach in November 1951.

Critic Jim Todd praised Wallington's early work as "some of the finest piano that bebop has to offer," and in particular highlighted his trio work as showing his most confident playing from the period.

During the 1950s, Wallington's quintet including rising stars Donald Byrd, Jackie McLean, and Phil Woods, but in 1960 he retired and moved to Florida to work for a family business.

He joined Gillespie and saxophonist Charlie Parker at the Three Deuces and became well known on 52nd Street.

Jazz clarinetist Joe Marsala hired Wallington to join his band for about a year before the pianist secured a range of opportunities.

In 1952, baritone saxophonist Mulligan formed a jazz group in Los Angeles, California with young trumpet player Chet Baker.

Mulligan invited Wallington to join the group as pianist, but he declined.

The Mulligan-Baker Quartet as a result became one of the first piano-less jazz quartets and led to fame for both of the horn players.

Wallington continued to record with his trio in 1952, but switched to the Prestige label.

A September session included Charles Mingus on bass as "Baron Fingus" and Roach on drums.

Chuck Wayne joined the group for one track on mandola.

In addition to continuing to record trio sessions for Prestige, Wallington in 1953 joined the Swedish All Stars under the arrangement of Quincy Jones and completed a recording session in late September in Paris with Pierre Michelot on bass and Jean-Louis Viale on drums.

Wallington toured Europe with Lionel Hampton's big band in 1953.

He and Annie Ross, however, left the band early following hecklers and boos at some of Hampton's concerts.

In 1954, Wallington formed his own ensemble in New York.

Again working with arranger Quincy Jones, his ensemble's first recording session in May included trumpeter Dave Burns, trombonist Jimmy Cleveland, tenor saxophonist Frank Foster, and multi-instrumentalist Danny Bank on baritone saxophone and flute.

The music from this session was released on the emerging Blue Note label.

He returned to his previous career in the 1980s and made further recordings as a soloist before his death in 1993.

Noted for his technique and mastery of the developing styles of modern jazz, his contributions to the genre have been described as "underrated."

His compositions, however, became known through recordings by Woody Herman's band and Miles Davis.

Wallington was born Giacinto Figlia (some sources give "Giorgio" ) in Sicily.