Gail Carpenter

Gail Carpenter is the only daughter of Chadwick Hunter "Chad" Carpenter (1920-1996) and Ruth M. (née Stevenson) Carpenter (1920-2010).

She has four brothers.

23rd edition.

Eight volumes.

Gail Alexandra Carpenter (born 1948) is an American cognitive scientist, neuroscientist and mathematician.

She is now a "Professor Emerita of Mathematics and Statistics, Boston University."

She had also been a Professor of Cognitive and Neural Systems at Boston University, and the director of the Department of Cognitive and Neural Systems (CNS) Technology Lab at Boston University.

Carpenter attended the International School of Geneva (1961-1966) then went to the University of Colorado in Boulder earning a B.A. in 1970 (summa cum laude, mathematics).

She then earned a Ph.D. in mathematics at the University of Wisconsin–Madison.

Carpenter then taught at MIT and Northeastern University before moving to Boston University.

Later she re-defined and expanded her theories in various papers during the mid to late 1970s.

She defined the "generalized Hodgkin-Huxley models, used dynamical systems techniques to analyze their solutions, and characterized the qualitative properties of the burst suppression patterns that a typical neuron may propagate: while investigating normal and abnormal signal patterns in nerve cells.

Adaptive resonance theory (ART) is a theory developed by Stephen Grossberg and Gail Carpenter on aspects of how the brain processes information.

It describes a number of neural network models which use supervised and unsupervised learning methods, and address problems such as pattern recognition and prediction.

The primary intuition behind the ART model is that object identification and recognition generally occur as a result of the interaction of 'top-down' observer expectations with 'bottom-up' sensory information.

The model postulates that 'top-down' expectations take the form of a memory template or prototype that is then compared with the actual features of an object as detected by the senses.

This comparison gives rise to a measure of category belongingness.

As long as this difference between sensation and expectation does not exceed a set threshold called the 'vigilance parameter', the sensed object will be considered a member of the expected class.

The system thus offers a solution to the 'plasticity/stability' problem, i.e. the problem of acquiring new knowledge without disrupting existing knowledge that is also called incremental learning.

Carpenter's "neural modeling" efforts were clearly seen in her 1974 mathematics PhD thesis on Traveling wave solutions of nerve impulse equations at the University of Wisconsin Department of Mathematics while working with Charles C. Conley.

Carpenter married Stephen Grossberg on June 16, 1979, in Boston University Castle in Boston, Massachusetts.

She was also elected to successive three-year terms on the Board of Governors of the International Neural Network Society (INNS) ) since its founding in 1987, and received the INNS Gabor Award in 1999. She has also served as an elected member of the Council of the American Mathematical Society, and is a charter member of the Association for Women in Mathematics.

Her memberships include

Carpenter is also cited in the following book:

’’American Men & Women of Science’’ A biographical directory of today's leaders in physical, biological and related sciences.

Detroit: Thomson Gale, 2006.

(AmMWSc 23)

Per Boston University, where Carpenter is a "Professor Emerita of Mathematics and Statistics," she is acknowledged as having been the very first woman to receive the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) Neural Networks Pioneer Award in 2008.