Frans Timmermans

Franciscus Cornelis Gerardus Maria "Frans" Timmermans (born 6 May 1961) is a Dutch politician who most recently served as Executive Vice President of the European Commission for the European Green Deal and European Commissioner for Climate Action in the von der Leyen Commission from 2019 until his resignation in 2023.

He is a member of the Dutch Labour Party (PvdA).

Timmermans was born on 6 May 1961 in Maastricht to a Roman Catholic family.

He attended elementary school in Sint-Stevens-Woluwe, Belgium before attending, from 1972 to 1975, the private Saint George's English School in Rome.

From 1975 until 1980, he attended the athenaeum Bernardinuscollege in Heerlen, where he settled.

In 1980, Timmermans entered the Radboud University Nijmegen, where he graduated with an MA degree in French literature in 1985.

In 1984, he also enrolled at the Nancy-Université in Nancy, France, where he studied European law, French literature and history, obtaining LL.M. Eur and MA degrees in 1985.

On 6 January 1986, he was conscripted in the Royal Netherlands Army as a private first class for the Dutch Military Intelligence and Security Service as a Russian Prisoner of War interrogator.

Aside from his native Dutch and Limburgish, Timmermans is fluent in English, French, German, Italian and Russian.

He was a civil servant in the diplomatic service of the Netherlands from 1987 to 1998, when he became active in politics.

In July 2023, Timmermans announced his intention to become the next Prime Minister of the Netherlands and to contest the 2023 general election for the GroenLinks–PvdA alliance.

On 22 August 2023, he was elected as lead candidate by members of both parties.

Timmermans led GL–PvdA into the election, with the joint list receiving 15.5% of the total vote and 25 seats in the House of Representatives, an increase of 8 seats.

On 1 August 1987, Timmermans was discharged from military service in the Royal Netherlands Army.

Timmermans joined the Dutch Civil Service as an officer in the Integration Department at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, in The Hague.

On 1 July 1990, he was appointed Deputy Secretary of the Dutch Embassy in Moscow, Russia.

On 1 September 1993, he returned to the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, as Deputy Head of the Bureau for European Development Cooperation.

On 15 March 1994, he left the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, becoming Assistant to European Commissioner Hans van den Broek.

Timmermans moved from this post a year later on 15 March 1995, to become Senior Advisor and Private Secretary to Max van der Stoel, the High Commissioner for National Minorities of the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe (OSCE).

He was a member of the Dutch House of Representatives for the Labour Party from 1998 to 2007 and again from 2010 to 2012.

After the Dutch general election of 1998 Timmermans was elected a Member of the House of Representatives for the Labour Party and was installed as Member of the House of Representatives on 19 May 1998.

Timmermans also served as a Member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe from 21 September 1998 until 22 February 2007.

Timmermans represented the House of Representatives in the Convention on the Future of Europe from March 2002 until July 2003.

Timmermans was reelected to the House of Representatives after the Dutch general elections of 2002 and 2003.

He served as the Deputy Chairman of the Commission for Foreign Affairs from November 2001 until September 2002, when he became the Chairman of the Commission for Economic Affairs until 18 March 2003, when he again became the Deputy Chairman of the Commission for Foreign Affairs, serving until 22 February 2007.

After the Dutch general election of 2006 the Labour Party, Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and the ChristianUnion (CU) formed a coalition agreement which resulted in the formation of the Cabinet Balkenende IV.

Timmermans became Undersecretary for Foreign Affairs and was responsible for the co-ordination of government policy towards the European Union, and was conferred the diplomatic title of Minister of European Affairs during international visits.

A major theme of his time as Undersecretary for European Affairs was to increase support for European integration.

This was done both by seeking greater influence of citizens on European policies and by improving communication and public perception; besides citizens the aim was that education should have also be more involved with Europe.

The Treaty of Lisbon was signed whilst he was Undersecretary, before which Timmermans and Prime Minister Jan Peter Balkenende successfully lobbied to secure a greater role for national parliaments in European Union decision-making processes.

In February 2010, NATO officially requested the Netherlands to extend its military involvement in Task Force Uruzgan.

The Labour Party strongly opposed the extension of the mission and on 23 February 2010 the Cabinet Balkenende IV fell after the Labour Party officially withdrew its support with all Labour Party Cabinet members resigning.

Following the withdrawal of the Labour Party from the coalition government, the Cabinet Balkenende IV remained as a Demissionary Cabinet until the Dutch general election of 2010.

Following a coalition agreement between the People's Party for Freedom and Democracy (Vvd), Christian Democratic Appeal (CDA) and the Party for Freedom (PVV), the Labour Party became the official opposition.

Timmermans was returned to the House of Representatives, being installed on 17 June 2010.

During his second term as a Member of the House of Representatives he served as Parliamentary Spokesman of the Labour Party for Foreign Affairs and European Affairs.

Timmermans was Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Netherlands from 2012 to 2014 in the Second Rutte cabinet and State Secretary for Foreign Affairs from 2007 to 2010 in the Fourth Balkenende cabinet, in charge of European Affairs.

Timmermans previously served as First Vice-President to Jean-Claude Juncker and European Commissioner for Better Regulation, Interinstitutional Relations, the Rule of Law and the Charter of Fundamental Rights from 2014 to 2019.

Labour politician Ronald Plasterk accused Timmermans in 2016 of doing nothing for half a year in order to acquire this responsibility, which had initially been refused because of his previous office.

He was the lead candidate of the Party of European Socialists (PES) for President of the European Commission in the European election that was held in May 2019.