Franciszka Themerson

She had older sister, the illustrator and pianist Maryla Weinles-Chaykin (1900-1942).

Franciszka Themerson (28 June 1907 - 29 June 1988) was a Polish, later British, painter, illustrator, filmmaker and stage designer.

Themerson was born in Warsaw in 1907, the daughter of the artist Jakub Weinles and pianist Łucja (née Kaufman).

Weinles' family was Jewish.

Themerson collaborated with her husband, the writer Stefan Themerson, on experimental films: Apteka [The Pharmacy] (1930), Europa (1931–1932), Drobiazg Melodyjny [Musical Moment] (1933), Zwarcie [Short Circuit] (1935) and Przygoda Czlowieka Poczciwego [Adventure of a Good Citizen] (1937).

Only the last of these survives, along with two films they made together in Britain.

She graduated from the Chopin University of Music and the Warsaw School of Fine Arts with a distinction in 1931.

Also in 1931, she married the photographer and writer, Stephan Themerson.

From 1938 to 1940 she lived in Paris, and then from 1940 in London until her death in 1988.

She was principally a painter, although throughout her life she worked in several other fields of the visual arts: illustration, stage and graphic design.

Apart from appearing in many journals worldwide, several collections of her drawings have been published as books: Forty Drawings for Friends, London 1940-42 (1943), The Way It Walks (1954), Traces of Living (1969) and Music (1998).

Calling Mr Smith (1943) is an account of Nazi atrocities in Poland, and The Eye and the Ear (1944/45) investigates the visualisation of music.

She illustrated books for children written by her husband and others, and in 1948 she founded with her husband the quirky publishing company Gaberbocchus Press, of which she was the art director.

The press was named after a Latinisation of 'Jabberwocky', the nonsense poem from Lewis Carroll's Alice in Wonderland whose name was coined by Carroll's uncle Hassard Dodgson.

In 31 years the Gaberbocchus Press published over sixty titles, including works by Alfred Jarry, Kurt Schwitters, Bertrand Russell and the Themersons themselves.

Alfred Jarry's Ubu Roi was its flagship publication, published in many editions and still in print.

The Gaberbocchus edition is an apposite evocation of the spirit of Jarry's grotesque fable.

The text, which was hand-written directly onto lithographic plates by the translator, Barbara Wright – interspersed with Themerson's conté crayon illustrations – is printed on bright yellow pages.

Themerson's contributions as illustrator enormously enhanced the graphic originality of the design of Gaberbocchus books.

Themerson began exhibiting her work in the early 1950s, and was included in the London Group, show at New Burlington Galleries in 1951.

She continued to exhibit her work regularly at galleries throughout Europe including London, Paris, New York, Warsaw, Stockholm, Edinburgh and other cities during the following decades.

Her major solo exhibitions of paintings and drawings include those at Gallery One One One in 1957 and 1959; Drian Galleries, 1963; Zachęta, Warsaw, 1964; New Gallery, Belfast, 1966; Demarco Gallery, Edinburgh, 1968; A retrospective at the Whitechapel Art Gallery, 1975; Gruenebaum, New York City, 1978; Łódź, Warsaw, Wrocław, 1981–1982; Nordjyllands Kunstmuseum, Aalborg, 1991; Gardner Arts Centre, University of Sussex, 1992; Gdańsk, 1993; Redfern Gallery, 1993; National Theatre, 1993; Royal Festival Hall, 1993.

Themerson's theatrical designs included marionette productions of Ubu Roi, Ubu Enchainé and Brecht's Threepenny Opera, mostly made for the Marionetteater in Stockholm, in the 1960s, which toured worldwide for decades, to international acclaim.

In 1967, her work was included in the British Drawing Today show at the ICA, London.

In 1975, she went on to have a one-person show at the Whitechapel Art Gallery, London, titled Franciszka Themerson, It all depends on the point of view.

In 1978, she had a solo exhibition in New York, Franciszka Themerson, paintings, drawings and theatre design, at the Gruenebaum Gallery, and was in a show at the Muzeum Narodowe, Warsaw in 1981-1982.

Her work was presented in the Ubu Cent Ans de Règne exhibition at the Musée-Galerie de la Seita.

In 1982, the exhibition, Stefan i Franciszka Themerson, Visual Researches was presented at the Muzeum Sztuki w Łodzi in Łodz, Poland, which went on to tour to other venues.

In 1983 Stefan, now living in London, made a reconstruction of Europa with the London Film-Makers' Co-op.

She was included in the group exhibition, Presences Polonaises at the Centre Georges Pompidou, Paris in 1983.

Themerson died in 1988, in London, England.

The work of the Themersons was presented in 1989 in the Minnesutställning : Themersons show at the Marionettmuseet, Stockholm.

She had a retrospective exhibition, The Drawings of Franciszka Themerson at the Nordjyllands Kunstmuseum, in Aalborg in 1991, followed by a solo show in 1992, Franciszka Themerson Drawings at the Gardner Centre, University of Sussex, Falmer.

Many of them were subsequently exhibited at London's National Theatre in 1993.

In 1993, Lines from Life, the art of Franciszka Themerson was organized for the Foyer Galleries, Level 2, Royal Festival Hall, London.

Unposted Letters, Imperial War Museum in 1996; Kordegarda, Warsaw, 1998; Art First, London, 1999 and 2001; CK Zamek, Poznań, 2004; Europe House, London, 2013; GV Art Gallery, London 2013; Museum of Art in Łódź, 2013.

A collection of Themerson's greeting cards, called Gaberbocchus some of the old favourites is in the collection of the National Library of Poland.

Her film work in collaboration with her husband Stefan was screened again at the Pompidou in 2009-2010, and in 2021.

An incomplete copy of the original film was found in an archive in Berlin in 2019.

Following restitution to the Themerson Estate, it was donated to the British Film Institute for conservation and preservation.