Francis Suttill

Francis Alfred Suttill DSO (born, France, 17 March 1910 – executed, c. 23 March 1945), code name Prosper, was an agent of the United Kingdom's clandestine Special Operations Executive (SOE) organization in World War II.

For the school year 1927/8, he attended the College de Marcq in Mons-en-Barœul, gaining his Baccalauréat.

He then read law at the University of Lille and was accepted as an external student at University College London.

In 1931, he moved to London to continue his studies and eventually became a barrister at Lincoln's Inn.

He married Margaret Montrose in 1935 and had 2 sons.

Suttill suffered from polio as a child and one leg was shorter than the other although he could walk without a limp.

In May 1940, Suttill was commissioned into the East Surrey Regiment of the British Army.

Suttill was the creator and organiser (leader) of the Physician or Prosper network (or circuit) in and around Paris, France, from October 1942 until June 1943.

The purpose of SOE was to conduct espionage, sabotage and reconnaissance in occupied Europe and Asia against the Axis powers, especially Nazi Germany.

SOE agents allied themselves with French Resistance groups and supplied them with weapons and equipment parachuted in from England.

Under Suttill's leadership the Prosper network was SOE's most important network in France, notable for its rapid growth, wide circle of contacts and collaborators, and the geographical reach of its operations "from the Ardennes to the Atlantic."

He was recruited and trained by SOE during the summer of 1942.

Charismatic and a natural leader, Suttill was considered by SOE to be "highly resourceful, and smarter than most" and thus chosen for its "most challenging job: to establish a circuit in Paris, covering a vast chunk of central France."

His network was named Physician, although more commonly was called by his code name of Prosper.

Earlier SOE networks, Carte and Autogiro, led by Frenchmen André Girard and Pierre de Vomécourt respectively, had been destroyed by the Germans.

Suttill's job was to build a network under British control on their remnants.

On 24 September 1942, Suttill's courier, Andrée Borrel, code names Denise and Monique, parachuted into France to prepare for his arrival.

He himself parachuted into France on 1 October 1942 near La Ferté-sous-Jouarre.

Suttill was fluent in spoken French, but had an accent and he relied on Borrel, already experienced in the resistance, for much of his communication.

After meeting in Paris, Suttill and Borrel took a month long trip around central France, exploring the potential for setting up resistance networks.

They posed as an agricultural salesman and his assistant.

Their early successes and high level of activity led SOE to send them two wireless operators, Gilbert Norman (Archambaud) in November, and Jack Agazarian (Marcel) in December.

Most SOE networks had only one wireless operator.

During late 1942 and the first half of 1943, the Prosper network grew rapidly, covering a large part of northern France, and involving hundreds of locally recruited agents and some 60 networks and sub-networks.

SOE headquarters in London was both surprised and elated at the rapid progress of Prosper, although concerned about its connections with the communists who were especially powerful in the northern suburbs of Paris.

The fall began in April 1943 and was as fast as its rise.

The network was too large, diverse, and security too lax.

The Germans penetrated and used Prosper for their own purposes.

The Air Operations officer for Prosper, Henri Déricourt, would later be accused of being a double agent for the Germans.

Maurice Buckmaster, the leader of the French section at SOE's London headquarters, failed to recognize clear signs that the Germans had infiltrated Prosper.

In what has been called SOE's "catastrophe of 1943," Suttill was captured by the Germans on 24 June 1943 and later executed.

By the end of August 1943, the Germans had captured many of the nearly 30 SOE agents associated with him and hundreds of local French people working with or cooperating with SOE.

Many were killed, executed, or died in concentration camps.

Suttill was born in Mons-en-Barœul near Lille, France, to an English father, William Francis Suttill, and a French mother, Blanche Marie-Louise Degrave.

His father managed a textile manufacturing plant in Lille.

Suttill studied at Stonyhurst College, Lancashire, England.

With the allied invasion of North Africa approaching, and tentative (but unrealized) plans for an invasion of France in 1943, SOE Section F (France) leader Maurice Buckmaster in London envisioned a strong resistance network based in Paris to harass the German occupiers of France.

SOE, Suttill, and the French Resistance groups had the expectation that an allied invasion of France would occur in fall 1943.

The efforts of Prosper and its sub-networks were directed toward becoming a potent resistance force to aid the proposed invasion.

Suttill stockpiled arms and ammunition parachuted in from England to that end.