Frances Hamerstrom

Frances Hamerstrom (December 16, 1907 – August 29, 1998) was an American writer, naturalist and ornithologist known for her work with the greater prairie chicken in Wisconsin, and for her research on birds of prey.

Hamerstrom was a prolific writer, publishing over 100 professional papers and 10 books on the prairie chicken, harriers, eagles, and other wildlife topics.

Some were translated into German.

Frances Flint was born in 1907 into a wealthy family in Boston, Massachusetts.

As a youth, she attended Milton Academy.

As a child Hamerstrom developed a fascination with the natural world.

Despite her parents' complaints that such behavior was "unladylike", she kept wild pets, learned to hunt, and tended her own gardens.

To keep her family from uncovering evidence of her wildlife adventures, she planted Poison Ivy along the path that led to where she kept her wilderness gear.

(Hamerstrom was naturally immune to its effects).

Hamerstrom attended Smith College but proudly flunked out.

She was disinterested in classes and felt she could learn more from the natural world than in a classroom.

She met her husband, Frederick Hamerstrom (also a naturalist at heart), at a dance.

Shortly after, in 1931, they married in secret.

Later they remarried in a ceremony in Massachusetts.

Hamerstrom and her husband wanted to work with wildlife, at a time when the modern wildlife management and research profession was in its infancy.

After meeting wildlife conservationist and ecologist Aldo Leopold, the Hamerstroms went to Iowa State University to study under Paul Errington.

In 1935, Frances earned her Bachelor's Degree from Iowa State University, where she also worked on the topic of predation and the food habits of the great horned owl.

After graduating, Frances and Frederick moved to Wisconsin to work at a wildlife refuge and to attend graduate school at the University of Wisconsin under Aldo Leopold.

Frances was Leopold's only female graduate student.

She earned her Master's degree in wildlife management in 1940.

During this time, the Hamerstroms both began their research on the imperiled greater prairie chicken, an endangered species in Wisconsin.

In 1949, Frances became the second woman to work as a wildlife professional in Wisconsin.

The Hamerstroms both worked for the Department of Natural Resources in Wisconsin.

Their lifetime study of the endangered prairie chicken, in a research area that included the Buena Vista and Leola Marshes, was their major contribution to the field.

The Hamerstroms focused on the habitat needs of the greater prairie chicken.

They developed and initiated a management plan based on their observation that the prairie chicken required a "checkerboard" pattern of habitat.

In 1961 they helped form the "Society of Tympanuchus Cupido Pinnatus" (Latin term for prairie grouse) to purchase lands (a total of more than 2,000 acres) to be managed for the preservation and restoration of "native prairie grouse populations."

Through her fund-raising campaigns, grasslands near their home sheltered more than 2,000 greater prairie chickens.

The Hamerstroms are credited by naturalists for saving the prairie chicken from extirpation in Wisconsin.

Over the years, an estimated 7,000 wildlife observers (called "boomers") participated in the collection of necessary data for this project, with Frances playing host to all of them at her home.

The Hamerstroms also conducted a decades-long study of the northern harrier.

Frances worked for the Department of Natural Resources for 23 years, and in 1970 the Hamerstroms were awarded with the National Wildlife Federation Award for Distinguished Service to Conservation for their innovative management plan and work with the prairie chickens.

The Hamerstroms helped focus public attention on the need for habitat preservation.

Frances noted that the vole abundance determined the harriers' mating system, and documented her findings in a 1985 article "Effect of Voles on Mating Systems in a Central Wisconsin Population of Harriers" which earned the Edwards Prize for best paper of that year.

Frances Hamerstrom was also a licensed falconer.

She studied American kestrels and the use of nest boxes as a management tool for kestrels, and banded thousands of raptors in Wisconsin and in other parts of North America during her many travels.

She wrote Harrier: Hawk of the Marshes, published in 1986 by the Smithsonian Institution Press, with illustrations by her husband.

It documented the relationship between the breeding success of harriers and the vole population, which constituted their cyclical food supply.

She contributed to the book, Peregrine Falcon Populations: Their Biology and Decline (1998).

As a writer, Frances provided insight into academic science for general readers.