Efim Geller

Efim Petrovich Geller (Ефим Петрович Геллер, Юхим Петрович Геллер; 8 March 1925 – 17 November 1998) was a Soviet chess player and world-class grandmaster at his peak.

Geller began to make his mark in the late 1940s, as he won the USSR Championship semifinal qualifier at Tbilisi 1949 with 11½/16, thus advancing to the final later that year.

Geller's first notable result was sixth place in the 1947 Ukrainian SSR Chess Championship at Kyiv with 9½/15; the winner was Alexei Sokolsky.

He shared 3rd–5th places at Baku 1948 with 9/15, an event won by Jüri Randviir.

Geller scored 11/18 at the 1948 Ukrainian SSR Championship in Kyiv for a shared 5th–8th place; the winners were Sokolsky and Poliak.

He won four Ukrainian SSR Championship titles (in 1950, 1957, 1958, and 1959) and shared first in the 1991 World Seniors' Championship, winning the title outright in 1992.

His wife Oksana was a ballet dancer while his son Alexander was also a chess master.

Geller was coach to World Champions Boris Spassky and Anatoly Karpov.

He was also an author.

Geller grew up in Odesa, USSR, and was Jewish.

He was a fine basketball player, and earned his doctorate in physical education before specialising in chess.

His father was a First Category chess player.

His development as a top player was delayed by the inception of World War II.

Despite this showing, he was obliged to return to the semifinal level the next year, but advanced with a third-place finish in the 1950 qualifier at Kyiv with 9/15.

At URS-ch18 at Moscow 1950, Geller made 9/17 for a shared 7th–10th place; the winner was Paul Keres.

Also in 1950, Geller won the Ukrainian SSR Championship in Kyiv, the first of his four titles in that event; he repeated from 1957 to 1959, with all three events in Kyiv.

Geller in 1950 made his international debut at the Przepiorka Memorial at Iwonicz Zdroj with 11½/19 for seventh place in a powerful field; Keres won again.

Geller is reckoned to have been among the best ten players in the world for around twenty years.

He was awarded the International Master title in 1951, and the International Grandmaster title the following year.

Geller played in 23 USSR Chess Championships, a record equalled by Mark Taimanov, achieving good results in many.

He was a Candidate at Zurich 1953 and Amsterdam 1956.

He won the Soviet Championship twice (in 1955 and 1979) and was a Candidate for the World Championship on six occasions (1953, 1956, 1962, 1965, 1968, and 1971).

He won in 1955 at Moscow (URS-ch22) when, despite losing five games, he finished equal first with 12/19, then defeated Smyslov in the playoff match by the score of +1=6.

Among his best results in other important tournaments were: clear first at Iwonicz Zdroj 1957, equal first with Taimanov at Dresden 1959, equal first with Lajos Portisch at Beverwijk 1965, clear first at Kislovodsk 1966, clear first at Gothenburg 1967, clear first at Kislovodsk 1968, equal first with Mikhail Botvinnik at Wijk aan Zee 1969 (ahead of Keres), equal first at Havana 1971 with Vlastimil Hort, equal first at Hilversum 1973 with Laszlo Szabo, clear first at Budapest 1973 ahead of Anatoly Karpov, clear first at Teesside 1975, clear first at Moscow 1975 (ahead of Boris Spassky, Viktor Korchnoi, and Petrosian), clear first at Las Palmas 1976, equal first with Gennadi Sosonko at Wijk aan Zee 1977, clear first at Bogotá 1978, equal first at Bern 1987 with Daniel Campora, clear first at Dortmund 'A' 1989, and equal first at New York Manhattan 1990 with Gregory Kaidanov, at age 65.

Geller's best result was in the 1962 cycle, as he finished second to Bobby Fischer at the Stockholm Interzonal.

Then in the Candidates', he ended up one-half point short of playing for the title by scoring 17/27 at Curaçao, tying for second place with Keres, half a point behind Tigran Petrosian, who went on to defeat Botvinnik for the title the next year.

Geller lost a playoff match to Keres at Moscow 1962 by 4½–3½, but was able to enter the 1965 Candidates' matches as a substitute when Botvinnik (defeated World Champion) declined to take part.

In the 1965 Candidates he defeated Smyslov by 5½–2½ at Moscow in the first round, but lost to Spassky by 5½–2½ at Riga in the semifinals.

In a 1966 Copenhagen playoff match against Bent Larsen, the two players split eight games with two wins each, and Larsen won the first tiebreak game to secure Candidates' exemption in case of a withdrawal by a qualified player in the next cycle.

(Eventually, this turned out not to matter, since none withdrew.)

In the 1968 cycle, Geller again lost to Spassky, at Sukhumi by 5½–2½, in a Candidates' first-round match.

He returned to the interzonal stage in 1970 at Palma de Mallorca, and qualified as a Candidate again, losing his first match to Korchnoi at Moscow by 5½–2½.

He won his second title in 1979 at Minsk (URS-ch47) at the age of 54, making him the oldest Soviet champion.

In Seniors' competition, Geller further distinguished himself in the early 1990s.

At the World Seniors' Championship, Bad Woerishofen 1991, he tied for first with Smyslov at 8½/11.

Then, in the next year's Championship at the same site, Geller claimed clear first with the same score.

Geller remained active in high-level competitive chess until age 70; his last event was the 1995 Russian Championship at Elista.

Geller reached the later stages of the World Championship several times.

His finals debut was sensational at URS-ch17 at Moscow; as a virtual unknown he tied for 3rd–4th places with 12½/19, behind only winners David Bronstein and Vasily Smyslov.

Geller defeated such established players as Semyon Furman, Isaac Boleslavsky, Alexander Kotov, Salo Flohr, fellow finals debutant Tigran Petrosian, Viacheslav Ragozin, and Grigory Levenfish.