Edwin Moses

Edwin Corley Moses (born August 31, 1955) is an American former track and field athlete who won gold medals in the 400 m hurdles at the 1976 and 1984 Olympics.

Before March 1976, he ran only one 400 m hurdles race, but once he began focusing on the event he made remarkable progress.

With his height of 6'2", Moses' trademark technique was to take a consistent 13 steps between each of the hurdles, pulling away in the second half of the race as his rivals often took 15 strides or changed their stride pattern. That year, he qualified for the U.S. team for the 1976 Summer Olympics in Montreal. In his first international meet, Moses won the gold medal ahead of teammate Mike Shine, setting a world record of 47.63 seconds in the process.

Between 1977 and 1987, Moses won 107 consecutive finals (122 consecutive races) and set the world record in the event four times.

In addition to his running, Moses was also an innovative reformer in the areas of Olympic eligibility and drug testing.

After breaking his own world record the following year at the Drake Stadium with a time of 47.45 seconds, Moses lost to West Germany's Harald Schmid on August 26, 1977, in Berlin; this was his fourth defeat in the 400 m hurdles.

Beginning the next week, Moses beat Schmid by 15 m in Düsseldorf, and he did not lose another race for nine years, nine months and nine days.

In 1979 Moses took a leave of absence from his job with General Dynamics to devote himself to running full-time.

In the next two years, he was instrumental in reforming international and Olympic eligibility rules.

At his urging, an Athletes Trust Fund program was established to allow athletes to benefit from government- or privately supplied stipends, direct payments, and commercial endorsement money without jeopardizing their Olympic eligibility.

Moses qualified for the 1980 U.S. Olympic team but was unable to compete due to the 1980 Summer Olympics boycott.

He did however receive one of 461 Congressional Gold Medals created for the athletes.

Despite the U.S.-led boycott that kept him from competing at the summer games in Moscow, Moses was the 1980 Track & Field News Athlete of the Year.

Moses presented the plan to Juan Antonio Samaranch, President of the International Olympic Committee, and the concept was ratified in 1981.

This fund is the basis of many Olympic athlete subsistence, stipend and corporate support programs, including the United States Olympic Committee's Direct Athlete Assistance Programs.

A year later, he became the first recipient of USA Track & Field's Jesse Owens Award as outstanding U.S. track and field performer for 1981.

He received the AAU's James E. Sullivan Award as outstanding amateur athlete in the United States in 1983.

At the 1984 Olympics held in Los Angeles, Moses was selected to recite the Olympic Oath, but forgot the text during his presentation.

He went on to win his second Olympic gold medal.

He was being named as ABC's Wide World of Sports Athlete of the Year in 1984.

Moses also shared the Sports Illustrated Sportsman of the Year with American gymnast Mary Lou Retton in 1984, the same year he took the Athlete's Oath for the 1984 Summer Olympics.

In 1984 his hometown of Dayton renamed Miami Boulevard West and Sunrise Avenue "Edwin C. Moses Boulevard".

By the time American Danny Harris beat Moses in Madrid on June 4, 1987, Moses had won 122 consecutive races, set the world record two more times, won three World Cup titles, a World Championship gold, as well as his two Olympic gold medals.

After the loss to Harris, he went on to win 10 more races in a row, collecting his second world gold in Rome in August of the same year.

Moses finished third in the final 400m hurdles race of his career at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul.

In December 1988 he designed and created amateur sports' first random out-of-competition drug testing program.

A physicist, Moses has been a leader in creating a structure and protocols that have significantly reduced the use of illegal, performance-enhancing pharmaceuticals in athletics for many decades.

After his retirement from track, Moses competed in a 1990 World Cup bobsled race at Winterberg, Germany.

He and long-time US Olympian Brian Shimer won the two-man bronze medal.

In 1994 Moses received an MBA from Pepperdine University and was inducted into the National Track and Field Hall of Fame.

In 1999, Moses ranked #47 on ESPN's SportCentury 50 Greatest Athletes.

As a sports administrator, Moses participated in the development of a number of anti-drug policies and helped the track and field community develop one of sports' most stringent random in-competition drug testing systems.

In 2000, he was elected the first Chairman of the Laureus World Sports Academy, an international service organization of world-class athletes.

Moses was born in Dayton, Ohio.

Having accepted an academic scholarship to Morehouse College in Atlanta, Georgia, he majored in physics and industrial engineering, while competing for the school track team.

Morehouse did not have its own track, so Moses used public high school facilities around the city to train and run.

Initially, Moses competed mostly in the 120-yard hurdles and 440-yard dash.

Since election in 2000, Moses has been chairman of the Laureus World Sports Academy, which seeks "to promote and increase participation in sport at every level, and also to promote the use of sport as a tool for social change around the world".

Several dozen Olympic and world champion athletes, through the Laureus Sports for Good Foundation, work to assist disadvantaged youths around the world.

In 2008, Moses presented the Dayton Literary Peace Prize's Lifetime Achievement Award to Martin Luther King Jr., biographer Taylor Branch.