Edmund Leach

Sir Edmund Ronald Leach FRAI FBA (7 November 1910 – 6 January 1989) was a British social anthropologist and academic.

Leach was educated at Marlborough College and Clare College, Cambridge, where he graduated with a BA with honours in Engineering in 1932.

After leaving Cambridge University, Leach took a four-year contract in 1933 with Butterfield and Swire in China, serving in Hong Kong, Shanghai, Chongqing, Qingdao, and Beijing.

He found out after his contract expired that he did not like the business atmosphere and never again was going to sit on an office stool.

He intended to return to England by way of Russia on the Trans-Siberian Railway, but increasing political turmoil in Russia convinced him otherwise.

While in Beijing, Leach had a chance encounter with Kilton Stewart, a psychiatrist, former-Mormon missionary, and published author who invited him on a trip to the island of Botel Tobago off the coast of Formosa.

And so, on his way home Leach spent several months among the Yami of Botel Tobago, an island off the coast of Formosa.

Here he took ethnographic notes and specifically focused his efforts on local boat design.

This work resulted in a 1937 article in the anthropology journal Man.

He returned to England and studied social anthropology at the London School of Economics with Raymond Firth who introduced him to Bronisław Malinowski.

He was an active member of Malinowski's "famous seminar".

In 1938, Leach went to Iraq (Kurdistan) to study the Kurds, which resulted in Social and Economic Organization of the Rowanduz Kurds.

However, he abandoned this trip because of the Munich Crisis.

He wrote: "I've got an enormous amount of ability at almost anything, yet so far I've made absolutely no use of it... I seem to be a highly organized piece of mental apparatus for which nobody else has any use" (D.N.B. 258).

In 1939 he was going to study the Kachin Hills of Burma, but World War II intervened.

Leach then joined the Burma Army, from the fall of 1939 to summer 1945, where he achieved the rank of Major.

During his time in Burma, Leach acquired superior knowledge of Northern Burma and its many hill tribes.

In particular, he grew very familiar with the Kachin people, even serving as commander of the Kachin irregular forces.

In 1940 Leach married Celia Joyce who was then a painter and later published poetry and two novels.

They had a daughter in 1941 and a son in 1946.

This resulted in the publication of the "Jinghpaw Kinship Terminology: An Experiment in Ethnographic Algebra" in 1945.

After he left the Army in 1946, he returned to the London School of Economics to complete his dissertation under the supervision of Raymond Firth.

In spring of 1947 he received a PhD in anthropology.

His 732-page dissertation was based on his time in Burma and titled Cultural change, with special reference to the hill tribes of Burma and Assam.

Later that same year, at the request of Sir Charles Arden Clark, the then Governor of Sarawak (then under British Colonial rule) and a referral by Raymond Firth, the British Colonial Social Science Research Council invited Leach to conduct a major survey of the local peoples.

The resulting 1948 report, Social Science Research in Sarawak (later published in 1950), was used as a guide for many well-known subsequent anthropological studies of region.

In addition to the report, Leach produced five additional publications from this field work.

Upon returning from his fieldwork in Borneo, Leach became a lecturer at LSE.

In 1951, Leach won the Curl Essay Prize for his essay The Structural Implications of Matrilateral Cross-Cousin Marriage, which drew on his extensive data on the Kachin to make important theoretical points as it related to kinship theory.

In 1953, he became a lecturer at Cambridge University, and promoted to Reader in 1957.

Along with his wife, Celia, Leach spent a year from 1960 to 1961 at the Center for Advanced Study of Behavioral Studies in Palo Alto, California.

Here he met Roman Jakobson, the Russian linguist, popularizer of Saussurean structural linguistics, and a major influence on the theoretical thinking of Levi-Strauss, leading to his structural anthropology.

He served as provost of King's College, Cambridge from 1966 to 1979.

He was elected provost of King's College, Cambridge in 1966 and retired in 1979; President of the Royal Anthropological Institute (1971–1975); a Fellow of the British Academy (from 1972) and was knighted in 1975.

Leach spanned the gap between British structural-functionalism (exemplified by Alfred Radcliffe-Brown and Malinowski), and French structuralism (exemplified by Levi-Strauss).

Despite being a central interpreter of Levi-Strauss' work, producing several introductory works on Levi-Strauss' theoretical perspective, Leach considered himself "at heart, still a 'functionalist'".

He was also president of the Royal Anthropological Institute from 1971 to 1975.

Leach was born in Sidmouth, Devon, the youngest of three children and the son of William Edmund Leach and Mildred Brierley.

His father owned and was manager of a sugar plantation in northern Argentina.

In 1972 he received a personal chair.