Doris Sands Johnson

Dame Doris Sands Johnson (19 June 192121 June 1983) was a Bahamian teacher, suffragette, and politician.

She was the first Bahamian woman to contest an election in the Bahamas, the first female Senate appointee, and the first woman granted a leadership role in the Senate.

Once in the legislature, she was the first woman to be made a government minister and then was elected as the first woman President of the Senate.

She was the first woman to serve as Acting Governor General of the Bahamas, and was honored as Dame Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire by Queen Elizabeth II.

Born on New Providence Island, she completed her secondary education and became a teacher.

After teaching for 17 years, Johnson returned to school to earn a master's and doctorate degree in educational administration.

During this period, she traveled back and forth between school and her Bahamian home organizing labor and suffrage efforts.

Upon graduation, Johnson was unable to find work because of her activism.

Doris Louise Sands was born on 19 June 1921 in St. Agnes, New Providence, The Bahamas, to Sarah Elizabeth (née Fyne) and John Albert Sands.

After completing her secondary education, Sands began teaching at the age of 15.

On 3 January 1943 at Zion Baptist Church in Nassau, Sands married Ratal Allen Johnson.

They subsequently had one son and Johnson worked for 17 years to earn the money to further her education.

Around 1953, she was able to enroll at Virginia Union University in Richmond, Virginia, graduating with a bachelor's degree in education.

She returned to the Bahamas in 1956 and joined the Progressive Liberal Party (PLP).

Granted a four-year government scholarship to further her education in Canada, Johnson enrolled in a master's degree program in educational administration.

Beginning her studies at MacDonald College of Education of McGill University, she earned her master's degree and began work on her doctorate at the Ontario College of Education at the University of Toronto.

In the midst of her studies, the government terminated the scholarship during her third year of studying abroad, under the guise that her master's degree had been completed.

Johnson believed that the scholarship was terminated because she had been active in organizing.

She helped found the Women’s Suffrage Movement in the Bahamas, and in 1958 both the Bahamian Federation of Labour and the National Council of Women, traveling home intermittently during her studies to work towards enfranchisement.

She returned home, but was advised that the only available positions for teaching administrators were in outlying islands.

In her speech, she pointed out that a petition had been submitted to the House in 1958 for suffrage, which Members had claimed showed only 13 petitioners and 529 signatories.

She provided mimeographed copies showing the actual number was 2,829 people and included people from Abaco, Andros, Cat Island, Eleuthera, Exuma, Grand Bahama, Long Island, and New Providence.

She went on to complain that women were being taxed without representation and reasoned that should the vote not be extended to them, they should no longer have to pay taxes.

She insisted that women were working members of society and were ready, willing, and able to participate as full citizens.

Though the Members of Parliament were impressed with the speech, they did nothing.

She made a compelling speech to the Bahamian legislature in 1959, pleading for women's suffrage and subsequently made a similar plea to the Colonial Office in London.

Feeling that her employment opportunities were being blocked, that same year, on 19 January 1959, Johnson asked to address the members of the Bahamian House of the Assembly, but was told she could only speak after the session adjourned, to which she agreed.

In 1960, Johnson, as leader of the Women's Suffrage Movement, and Eugenia Lockhart, the organization's secretary, went to London to plead the case for suffrage.

They met with the London branch of the International Alliance of Women to discuss the situation in the Bahamas, claiming that though they had the support of the majority of Bahamian women, many women could not voice their approval because they were employed by merchants and the government who were opposed to the cause.

They also sought an audience at the Colonial Office to air their grievances, accompanied by the chairman of the PLP, Henry Milton Taylor.

They met with the Secretary of State for the Colonies, Iain Macleod, and two women British Parliamentarians, Baroness Joan Vickers and Baroness Eirene White.

The Bahamians were assured that their case was accepted and that change would soon follow.

They returned, but no change was forthcoming.

Once the right to vote had been secured, Johnson immediately entered politics in 1961, running in the first election in which women were allowed to participate.

Though she lost her bid, she worked with the Progressive Liberal Party to gain Bahamian independence.

When the country gained its freedom from colonial rule, Johnson was appointed to the Senate and served the government until her death, a decade later.

When suffrage passed in 1961, Johnson immediately entered the fray, accepting a nomination as a PLP candidate for the Eleuthera District.

She wrote a booklet entitled The Next Step: Votes for Women in which she explained useful information for voting, such as how to register to vote and cast a ballot.

She lost the race, but three years later participated in a debate in the push for majority rule on the parliamentary imbalance in the Bahamas with a delegation from the PLP at the United Nations.

Supporters rallied and collected funds for Johnson to complete her education in the United States, and she enrolled at New York University, completing her Doctor of Education in 1962.