Doris Duke

Doris Duke (November 22, 1912 – October 28, 1993) was an American billionaire tobacco heiress, philanthropist, and socialite.

She was often called "the richest girl in the world".

Her great wealth, luxurious lifestyle, and love life attracted significant press coverage, both during her life and after her death.

Duke's passions varied wildly.

At his death in 1925, the elder Duke's will bequeathed the majority of his estate to his wife and daughter, along with $17 million in two separate clauses of the will, to The Duke Endowment he had created in 1924.

The total value of the estate was estimated variously from $60 - $100 million (equivalent to $1.0 billion to $ billion in ), the majority derived from J. B. Duke's holdings in the American Tobacco Company and the precursor of the Duke Power Company.

Duke spent her early childhood at Duke Farms, her father's 2700 acre estate in Hillsborough Township, New Jersey.

Due to ambiguity in James Duke's will, a lawsuit was filed in 1927 to prevent auctions and outright sales of real estate he had owned; in effect, Doris Duke successfully sued her mother and other executors to prevent the sales.

When she turned 18, in 1930, the 6 ft tall Duke was presented to society as a debutante, at a ball at Rough Point, the family residence in Newport, Rhode Island.

She received large bequests from her father's will when she turned 21, 25, and 30; she was sometimes referred to as the "world's richest girl".

Briefly a news correspondent in the 1940s, she also played jazz piano and learned to surf competitively.

At her father's estate in Hillsborough Township, New Jersey, she created one of the largest indoor botanical displays in the United States.

She was also active in preserving more than 80 historic buildings in Newport, Rhode Island.

In 1945, Duke began a short-lived career as a foreign correspondent for the International News Service, reporting from different cities across the war-ravaged Europe.

After the war, she moved to Paris and wrote for the magazine Harper's Bazaar.

While living in Hawaii, Duke became the first non-Hawaiian woman to take up competitive surfing under the tutelage of surfing champion and Olympic swimmer Duke Kahanamoku and his brothers.

A lover of animals, in particular her dogs and pet camels, in her later years Duke became a wildlife refuge supporter.

Duke's interest in horticulture led to a friendship with Pulitzer Prize-winning author and scientific farmer Louis Bromfield, who operated Malabar Farm, his country home in Lucas, Ohio in Richland County.

Today, his farm is part of Malabar Farm State Park, made possible by a donation from Duke that helped purchase the property after Bromfield's death.

A section of woods there is dedicated to her and bears her name.

At age 46, Duke started to create Duke Gardens, an exotic public-display garden, to honor her father James Buchanan Duke.

She extended new greenhouses from the Horace Trumbauer conservatory at her home in Duke Farms, New Jersey.

Each of the eleven interconnected gardens was a full-scale re-creation of a garden theme, country or period, inspired by DuPont's Longwood Gardens.

She designed the architectural, artistic and botanical elements of the displays based on observations from her extensive international travels.

She also labored on their installation, sometimes working 16-hour days.

Display construction began in 1958.

Duke had learned to play the piano at an early age and developed a lifelong appreciation of jazz and befriended jazz musicians.

She also liked gospel music and sang in a gospel choir.

Her mother died in 1962, leaving her jewelry, a coat, and an additional $250 million (see below).

When Duke came of age, she used her wealth to pursue a variety of interests, including extensive world travel and the arts.

She studied singing with Estelle Liebling, the voice teacher of Beverly Sills, in New York City.

During World War II, she worked in a canteen for sailors in Egypt, taking a salary of one dollar a year.

She spoke French fluently.

Duke was close friends with former First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, and in 1968, when Duke created the Newport Restoration Foundation, Kennedy Onassis was appointed the vice president and championed the foundation.

Her philanthropic work in AIDS research, medicine, and child welfare continued into her old age.

She also donated funds to support and educate black students in the American South who were disadvantaged because of racism.

Her estimated $1.3 billion fortune was largely left to charity.

Duke's legacy is now administered by the Doris Duke Foundation, dedicated to medical research, prevention of cruelty to children and animals, the performing arts, wildlife and ecology.

Duke was born in New York City, the only child of tobacco and hydroelectric power tycoon James Buchanan Duke and his second wife, Nanaline Holt Inman, widow of William Patterson Inman.

One of the pieces of real estate in question was a Manhattan mansion at 1 East 78th Street which later became the home of the Institute of Fine Arts at New York University.