Don Chipp

Donald Leslie Chipp, AO (21 August 1925 – 28 August 2006) was an Australian politician who was the inaugural leader of the Australian Democrats, leading the party from 1977 to 1986.

After playing Australian rules football for Heidelberg, he played briefly in the Victorian Football League with the Fitzroy Football Club (playing three games in 1947, for one goal).

After serving in the Royal Australian Air Force in World War II, Chipp worked as registrar of the Commonwealth Institute of Accountants from 1950 to 1955.

He also played for Prahran in the VFA and was a member of their 1951 premiership side.

A champion sprinter, he was narrowly defeated in the 1953 Stawell Gift foot race.

In 1955, he was appointed chief executive officer of the Olympic Civic Committee which was involved in organising the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne.

Later, he worked as manager of the Victorian Promotion Committee, and he also ran his own management consultancy.

From 1958 to 1961, he was a member of the Kew City Council.

He began his career as a member of the Liberal Party, winning election to the House of Representatives in 1960 and serving as a government minister for a cumulative total of six years.

Chipp entered federal politics in 1960 as the Liberal member for Higinbotham in Melbourne's southern bayside suburbs.

That was partly because Chipp had supported another candidate, Billy Snedden, in the Liberal leadership ballot and partly because Chipp did not support a second Royal Commission into the 1964 Voyager disaster, which Gorton felt reflected badly on the Royal Australian Navy.

He was given the Navy and Tourism portfolios by Prime Minister Harold Holt in 1967.

After Holt's sudden disappearance in December 1967, Chipp retained those portfolios in the brief interim government of Country Party leader John McEwen, but he was dropped from the ministry by the new Liberal Prime Minister, John Gorton.

After a redistribution in 1968, he transferred to the less safe seat of Hotham.

After the 1969 election, Gorton appointed Chipp as Minister for Customs and Excise.

In that portfolio, he gained national attention by largely abolishing the censorship of printed material, unbanning many novels, including Henry Miller's Tropic of Cancer, as well as allowing the sale of Playboy magazine.

He also oversaw the introduction of the R certificate for films in 1970, which allowed previously banned films to be rerated and shown to adults.

The actions made him widely popular but were disapproved of by more conservative Liberal Party colleagues who identified him as a "small-l liberal", along with Snedden and Andrew Peacock.

Following the Liberal Party's defeat at the 1972 election by the Labor Party's Gough Whitlam, Chipp served as Shadow Minister for Social Security.

He was a strong supporter of Snedden, who had become party leader following the 1972 defeat but lost the 1974 election against Whitlam.

When Malcolm Fraser displaced Snedden as leader in March 1975, Chipp retained his position, but it was no secret that the two men did not get on.

When Fraser was appointed Prime Minister following the dismissal of Gough Whitlam on 11 November 1975, he gave Chipp three portfolios in his caretaker ministry: Social Security, Health, and Repatriation and Compensation.

However, when Fraser won the election the next month, Chipp was not included in the ministry.

In his book The Third Man, Chipp considered the effects of a "whispering campaign" to discredit him within the Liberal Party.

The meeting, attended by 5,000, "almost went out of control when I stated that Sir John Kerr had no alternative than to act as he did on 11 November 1975. Donald Horne pleaded for order, saying "This man deserves a hearing; he is putting his political career on the line by speaking here."

Chipp left the Liberals in 1977 and was soon persuaded to lead a new party, the Democrats who, he famously proclaimed in 1980, would "keep the bastards honest".

He was elected to the Senate on 10 December 1977 and led the party at four federal elections.

That came to a head on 8 March 1977 when he spoke at a heavily attended Citizens for Democracy meeting at the Sydney Town Hall with other controversial speakers including Frank Hardy, Patrick White, Donald Horne and Faith Bandler.

He writes "Liberals thought it was intolerable that any member of the party should appear with 'those people'".

Chipp concluded: "It was then, I believe, that I concluded I could not stay in such a party any longer. I resented the tag of 'rebel' which was being applied to me by my own colleagues."

The rebellious image was heightened by the fact that Chipp omitted to attend a Parliament House reception for Queen Elizabeth II.

He had decided to honour his prior speaking engagement, which had been widely publicised.

Chipp decided to resign from the Liberal Party on 24 March 1977 and concluded his speech that day with the following: "I have become disenchanted with party politics as they are practised in this country and with the pressure groups which have an undue influence on the major political parties. The parties seem to polarise on almost every issue, sometimes seemingly just for the sake of it, and I wonder if the ordinary voter is not becoming sick and tired of the vested interests which unduly influence political parties and yearns for the emergence of a third political force, representing middle-of-the-road policies which would owe allegiance to no outside pressure group. Perhaps it may be the right time to test that proposition."

Even before the resignation, he received an invitation to join the amalgamated Centre-Line Party, which predated the Australian Democrats.

He resolutely turned down a series of such leadership offers until, on 9 May 1977, he was accorded an overwhelming standing ovation by a 3,000-strong audience at the Melbourne Town Hall.

The meeting was attended by former prime minister John Gorton and chaired by South Australian Governor Sir Mark Oliphant.

Speakers included Robin Millhouse, Charles Birch and John Siddons.

Chipp concluded, "... I was committed ... and it was a good feeling”.

From 1983 it held the sole balance of power in the Senate.

Don Chipp was born in Melbourne and educated at Northcote Primary School, Northcote High School and the University of Melbourne, where he graduated in commerce.