Dieter Roth

Dieter Roth (April 21, 1930 – June 5, 1998) was a Swiss artist who gained recognition for his diverse body of work, which included artist's books, editioned prints, sculpture, and creations from found materials, including rotting food stuffs.

He was also known as Dieter Rot and Diter Rot.

Born in Hannover, he spent his early years in Germany and Switzerland, developing an interest in art and poetry while living with a family of artists in Zürich during World War II.

Roth's artistic journey was marked by collaborations and experimentation.

He co-founded the magazine "Spirale" and associated with the Fluxus movement, all the while maintaining his distinct artistic identity.

Notably, his artist's books challenged traditional formats, allowing readers to interact with and rearrange pages.

His work often involved incorporating found materials like newspapers and magazines.

Throughout his career, Roth pushed artistic boundaries by creating biodegradable artworks that evolved over time due to natural decay.

His pieces, like "Insel," combined foodstuffs with various materials, showcasing his unique perspective on transformation and impermanence.

By 1943 the exile had become permanent, and Roth was sent to live with a family in Zürich.

This house, the home of the family of Fritz Wyss, was shared with Jewish and communist artists and actors.

It was here that Roth would be encouraged to start painting and to write poetry.

He wasn't to be re-united with his family, which was by now utterly destitute, until 1946, when they joined him in Switzerland.

The family moved to Bern in 1947, where Roth began an apprenticeship in commercial art.

His clientele include the local milk association and the cheese union.

After seeing an exhibition of Paul Klee's work, "a shock that [was to] grow into an obsession", he gradually moved from the style of commercial art he was being instructed in, towards international modernism.

Roth left home in 1953, and began to collaborate with Marcel Wyss and Eugen Gomringer on the magazine Spirale, of which nine issues would be published (1953–64).

Most of his work at this time was in the prevailing Concrete art idiom, exemplified by Max Bill.

He took part in a number of local exhibitions, as well as writing poetry, making his first organic sculptures and experimenting with Op art.

In 1954 he met the artist Daniel Spoerri whose friendship was to be recalled as "one of the most wonderful things I ever experienced."

Spoerri would later set up Editions MAT, a publishing house for editioned books and sculptures, which would print some of Roth's early works.

In 1957 Roth married an Icelandic student, Sigríður Björnsdóttir, and moved with her back to Reykjavik.

Cut off from centres of European modernism, Roth started publishing a series of highly influential artist's books, and to publish these books he founded, with Icelandic poet Einar Bragi, the publishing company forlag ed.

In works such as Bok ("Book") 1958, cut holes in the pages and dispensed with the codex, allowing the reader to rearrange the pages in any order they wished, whilst Daily Mirror Book, 1961, used the found material of a newspaper cut into 2 cm squares and then rebound as a 150-page book.

"There would be no way to translate a Dieter Roth book into another medium-the idea of the works is inseparable from their form as books and they realise themselves as works through their exploration of the conceptual and structural features of a book."

- Johanna Drucker

This marked the beginnings of his use of foodstuffs in art, which brought him increasing notoriety throughout the 1960s.

In 1960 he won the William and Norma Copley Award, which included Marcel Duchamp, Max Ernst and Herbert Read on the jury.

As well as a substantial monetary prize, the award included the chance to print a monograph; Roth declined, asking instead for funding to pay for a new work.

In the same year he exhibited at Arthur Köpcke’s gallery in Copenhagen and at the Festival d’Art d’Avant-garde, Paris in 1960, and began an itinerant lifestyle, exhibiting and working throughout Europe, Iceland and America, a pattern he would continue for the rest of his life.

This processing of found text reached a logical conclusion in his book Literaturwurst (Literature Sausage) 1961.

The first copy was made out of a Daily Mirror mixed with spices and foodstuffs from genuine sausage recipes, and stuffed in a sausage skin which he sent to his friend Spoerri.

Later copies took books or magazines to create an "ironic" reference to literature.

A key breakthrough in his attitude to art was witnessing the performance of Tinguely's Homage to Modern Art in Basel, 1961.

The work profoundly impressed Roth, leading to a decisive break with constructivism into post-modern avant-garde practices associated with the Nouveaux Réalistes such as Tinguely and Arman, and the group of artists that were about to become known as Fluxus, including Joseph Beuys and Nam June Paik.

The end result was his most ambitious book to date, the Copley Book, 1965, a semi-autobiographical deconstruction of the process of book making.

He died in 1998.

He was born Karl-Dietrich Roth in Hannover, the first of three sons.

His mother Vera was German; his father Karl-Ulrich was a Swiss businessman.

After the beginning of World War II, Roth was to spend each summer in Switzerland at the behest of the Swiss charity Pro Juventute, a group trying to protect Swiss-German children from the worst ravages of the war.