Demis Hassabis

Demis Hassabis (born 27 July 1976) is a British computer scientist, artificial intelligence researcher and entrepreneur.

In his early career he was a video game AI programmer and designer, and an expert board games player.

He is the chief executive officer and co-founder of DeepMind and Isomorphic Labs, and a UK Government AI Advisor.

He is a Fellow of the Royal Society, and has won many prestigious awards for his work on AlphaFold including the Breakthrough Prize, the Canada Gairdner International Award, and the Lasker Award.

Between 1988 and 1990, Hassabis was educated at Queen Elizabeth's School, Barnet, a boys' grammar school in Barnet.

He was subsequently home-schooled by his parents, during which time he bought his first computer, a ZX Spectrum 48K funded from chess winnings, and taught himself how to program from books.

He went on to be educated at Christ's College, Finchley, a state-funded comprehensive school in East Finchley, North London.

He completed his A-levels and scholarship level exams two years early at the ages of 15 and 16 respectively.

Asked by Cambridge University to take a gap year due to his young age, Hassabis began his computer games career at Bullfrog Productions, first level designing on Syndicate, and then at 17 co-designing and lead programming on the 1994 game Theme Park, with the game's designer Peter Molyneux.

Theme Park, a simulation video game, sold several million copies and inspired a whole genre of simulation sandbox games.

He earned enough from his gap year to pay his own way through university.

He represented the University of Cambridge in the Oxford–Cambridge varsity chess matches of 1995, 1996 and 1997, winning a half blue.

Hassabis then left Bullfrog to study at Queens' College, Cambridge, where he completed the Computer Science Tripos and graduated in 1997 with a Double First.

After graduating from Cambridge, Hassabis worked at Lionhead Studios.

Games designer Peter Molyneux, with whom Hassabis had worked at Bullfrog Productions, had recently founded the company.

Hassabis left Lionhead in 1998 to found Elixir Studios, a London-based independent games developer, signing publishing deals with Eidos Interactive, Vivendi Universal and Microsoft.

In addition to managing the company, Hassabis served as executive designer of the BAFTA-nominated games Republic: The Revolution and Evil Genius.

The release of Elixir's first game, Republic: The Revolution, a highly ambitious and unusual political simulation game, was delayed due to its huge scope, which involved an AI simulation of the workings of an entire fictional country.

The final game was reduced from its original vision and greeted with lukewarm reviews, receiving a Metacritic score of 62/100.

Evil Genius, a tongue-in-cheek Bond villain simulator, fared much better with a score of 75/100.

At Lionhead, Hassabis worked as lead AI programmer on the 2001 "god" game ''Black & White.

In April 2005 the intellectual property and technology rights were sold to various publishers and the studio was closed.

Following Elixir Studios, Hassabis returned to academia to obtain his PhD in cognitive neuroscience from University College London (UCL) in 2009 supervised by Eleanor Maguire.

He sought to find inspiration in the human brain for new AI algorithms.

He continued his neuroscience and artificial intelligence research as a visiting scientist jointly at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), in the lab of Tomaso Poggio, and Harvard University, before earning a Henry Wellcome postdoctoral research fellowship to the Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit at UCL in 2009 working with Peter Dayan.

Working in the field of imagination, memory and amnesia, he co-authored several influential papers published in Nature, Science, Neuron and PNAS.

His very first academic work, published in PNAS, was a landmark paper that showed systematically for the first time that patients with damage to their hippocampus, known to cause amnesia, were also unable to imagine themselves in new experiences.

The finding established a link between the constructive process of imagination and the reconstructive process of episodic memory recall.

Based on this work and a follow-up functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study, Hassabis developed a new theoretical account of the episodic memory system identifying scene construction, the generation and online maintenance of a complex and coherent scene, as a key process underlying both memory recall and imagination.

This work received widespread coverage in the mainstream media and was listed in the top 10 scientific breakthroughs of the year by the journal Science.

He later generalised these ideas to advance the notion of a 'simulation engine of the mind' whose role it was to imagine events and scenarios to aid with better planning.

Hassabis is the CEO and co-founder of DeepMind, a machine learning AI startup, founded in London in 2010 with Shane Legg and Mustafa Suleyman.

Hassabis met Legg when both were postdocs at the Gatsby Computational Neuroscience Unit, and he and Suleyman had been friends through family.

Hassabis also recruited his university friend and Elixir partner David Silver.

DeepMind's mission is to "solve intelligence" and then use intelligence "to solve everything else".

More concretely, DeepMind aims to combine insights from systems neuroscience with new developments in machine learning and computing hardware to unlock increasingly powerful general-purpose learning algorithms that will work towards the creation of an artificial general intelligence (AGI).

The company has focused on training learning algorithms to master games, and in December 2013 it announced that it had made a pioneering breakthrough by training an algorithm called a Deep Q-Network (DQN) to play Atari games at a superhuman level by only using the raw pixels on the screen as inputs.

In 2017 he was appointed a CBE and listed in the Time 100 most influential people list.

Hassabis was born to a Greek Cypriot father and a Chinese Singaporean mother and grew up in North London.

A child prodigy in chess from the age of 4, Hassabis reached master standard at the age of 13 with an Elo rating of 2300 and captained many of the England junior chess teams.