Death of Helen Bailey

Despite intense police efforts, Bailey's killer was never identified, although several investigators strongly believe the child was murdered by a suspect who is known to have confessed in the late 1970s to having strangled, then cut the child's throat—also contemporarily divulging forensic details of the child's death not revealed in the original 1976 inquest into her death.

Officially, Helen Bailey's murder remains unsolved.

Contemporary media accounts dubbed Bailey as "Little Girl Blue" due to the fact the child was dressed entirely in blue at the time of her death.

Helen Bailey was an eight-year-old schoolgirl who lived in the Great Barr district of Birmingham, England.

She was a pupil at Calshot Road Junior School and lived in nearby Booths Farm Road with her parents and older brother.

The family were close-knit, and Bailey has been described by her family as a "bubbly, chatty" and friendly young girl.

The death of Helen Bailey is a British child murder case dating from 1975 in which an eight-year-old girl's death was originally classified by a coroner as being due to undetermined causes and potentially sourcing from an "accident or [a] practical joke gone wrong" despite the fact the child was found in a secluded area and that her jugular vein had been severed.

By August 1975, the Bailey family had plans to holiday in Cornwall in middle of the month.

On the afternoon of 10 August, Bailey returned home from playing outdoors with her clothes, hands and face in a dirty state; she failed to inform her parents how she had become so grubby and took her Sunday afternoon bath slightly early before leaving the family home to play with her brother and his friends at approximately 4:30 p.m. She had changed into blue shorts, a blue blouse, blue socks and blue plimsolls.

The final verifiable sighting of Helen Bailey occurred shortly after she left her home when she was observed playing with a skipping rope close to her home.

Shortly after 5 p.m., Bailey's parents became concerned when their daughter failed to return home.

After a brief, fruitless search of nearby streets and friends' houses, the Baileys reported their daughter missing to West Midlands Police at 5:30 p.m.

After initial standard procedures failed to locate Bailey, West Midlands Police immediately began a full-scale search for the child; this full-scale search began at approximately 8:30 p.m. and involved house-to-house inquiries in addition to police searches of local terrain such as waste ground, and a sand and gravel quarry throughout the night of 10–11 August.

The search for Bailey was assisted by numerous civilian volunteers, including Bailey's father, neighbours, and parents of her friends.

At approximately 6:30 a.m. on 11 August, following a ten-hour police-coordinated search, a search party which included Bailey's father discovered her fully clothed body.

The child was lying on her back, with a knife wound to her throat; her body lay in a section of scrubland on the former Booths Farm, close to the M6 motorway and on the opposite side of the motorway to her home.

This location was known to local children as the "Magic Wood", and Bailey's mother had forbidden her daughter to play there.

The post-mortem conducted by Home Office pathologist Frederick Griffiths on 11 August established that Bailey had received a single knife wound to the throat which, although described as shallow, had perforated her jugular vein.

No signs of a struggle were evident upon her body nor within the vicinity where she was found, and Griffiths noted no evident signs of bruising or other forms of pressure upon her neck.

Bailey had not been subjected to any form of sexual assault.

West Midlands Police launched an intense investigation into Bailey's death; police investigations into the child's background, acquaintances, and her movements on the date of her death failed to identify either a motive for her death or the individual(s) responsible.

In addition, police were unable to conclusively determine Bailey's movements in the hours immediately prior to her returning home in a markedly dirty state to take her afternoon bath, although they were able to establish a likely sighting of the child walking alone through a pedestrian underpass beneath the M6 motorway at 7:10 p.m.

The circumstances surrounding Bailey's death and the relatively minimum force necessary to inflict the wound to her throat meant investigators were unable to discount the possibility a child or children were responsible for her death.

Contemporary eyewitness accounts given to investigators revealed a "ginger-haired" young man had been seen loitering in the vicinity of the location of Bailey's body on the afternoon of her death; this individual had also been seen walking through the underpass at approximately the same time as Bailey, though not in her company.

The description of this individual—described as being between 35 and 40 years old with bushy, ginger hair and wearing brown trousers and a lime shirt —closely matched the description of a suspect given to police days prior in relation to the sexual assault of a local underage girl.

This individual was never traced.

The initial inquest into Bailey's death was held on 10 March 1976; the jury at this inquest heard testimony from Frederick Griffiths that the sole wound discovered upon the child was a markedly shallow knife wound to her neck which may have been caused either accidentally or as an unintended result of a childish prank, with the latter being his preferred explanation.

Griffiths further elaborated at this hearing he had performed numerous autopsies upon victims of murder who had sustained serious injuries to the neck and that, in his opinion, the circumstances of Bailey's death lacked "the hallmarks" of a homicidal attack.

Resultingly, the jury returned an open verdict and the case ultimately became cold, although members of Bailey's family remained convinced she had been murdered.

Within this ruling, Hickinbottom and Whipple also noted that a suspect in Bailey's death had given three separate confessions to Bailey's murder in 1978 and 1979—each of which was "entirely consistent" with known facts pertaining to the child's death and containing forensic information not previously disclosed to the public but only uncovered in 2012.

Within these accounts, the suspect had related how he had strangled Bailey before cutting her throat with a penknife upon noting the child was still breathing.

In addition, at the time of Bailey's death, this suspect had lived close to where her body was discovered.

In 2012, West Midlands Police commenced a cold case review into Bailey's death; this review saw Home Office pathologist Nathaniel Cary examine all original post-mortem documentation relating to the case and conclude the child's death had been a "clear case of homicide", adding the margins of the knife wound indicated Bailey had actually endured two cutting incisions to her throat.

Cary further noted that petechiae evident upon the skin of Bailey's face, eyelids and forehead indicated she had also been manually strangled before receiving the fatal knife wounds to her throat and that, contrary to his predecessor's conclusions regarding the depths of the single incision wound, the force used to inflict these knife wounds to the child's neck had been sufficient to sever subcutaneous fat in addition to neck musculature.

Cary's revelations led a Detective Chief Superintendent (DCI) named Caroline Marsh to state investigators were "absolutely certain" the child had died as a result of murder as opposed to misadventure.

In June 2017, a renewed appeal for witnesses to Bailey's murder was featured on the BBC's Crimewatch Roadshow.

The programme also featured an unsuccessful appeal for her murderer or anyone with knowledge of his identity to come forward.

In December 2018, Lord Justice Hickinbottom and Mrs Justice Whipple formally approved a request submitted before the High Court of Justice by senior coroner Louise Hunt that the original inquest verdict into Bailey's death be quashed and a new inquest into the child's death be held.

The original verdict into Bailey's death was overturned and replaced with one of unlawful killing in 2019.

At a May 2019 pre-inquest review into Bailey's death in which evidence was first publicly divulged the child had been strangled before her throat had been cut, the Detective Chief Superintendent leading the cold case investigation revealed that a current prison inmate named John Sir was considered the prime and sole suspect in her murder and that this individual had been questioned intently in 1975, but had never been charged in relation to her murder.