David Buss

David Michael Buss (born April 14, 1953) is an American evolutionary psychologist at the University of Texas at Austin, researching human sex differences in mate selection.

He is considered one of the founders of evolutionary psychology.

As a solution to these problems of defining and measuring traits, Buss and K. H. Craik (1980) proposed to introduce prototype theory into personality psychology.

First, a group of people is asked to list acts that a person bearing the trait in question would show.

Next, a different group of people is asked to name from that list those acts that are most typical for the trait.

Then the measurement is conducted by counting the number of times (within a given period of time) a proband performs the typical acts.

One element of David Buss' research involves studying the differences in mate selection between short-term and long-term mating strategies.

Individuals differ in their preferences according to whether they are seeking a short or long-term mating strategy (i.e. whether they are looking for a "hook-up" or for a serious relationship).

The Gangestad and Simpson Sociosexual Orientation Inventory (SOI) determines whether a person favors a short-term or long-term strategy (also termed as unrestricted and restricted).

Higher SOI scores indicate a less restricted orientation, and thus a preference for a short-term mating strategy.

David Buss and colleagues conducted a study that attempted to uncover where priorities lie—concerning determinants of attractiveness—in short- and long-term mating strategies.

In order to do this, participants' mating strategies were determined using the SOI, labeling each participant as favoring either a short- or a long-term mating strategy.

Each individual was then given the choice to reveal either the face or body from a portrait of a person of the opposite gender.

David Buss and his colleagues found that sociosexual orientation or favored mating strategy influenced which part of the portrait was revealed.

Men who favored a short-term mating strategy chose to reveal the woman's body, whereas men who favored a long-term mating strategy chose to reveal the woman's face.

David Buss and his colleagues found that favored mating strategies in women had no correlation with which part of the portrait was revealed but had to do with utilitarian aspects that make sense in terms of supportive and dependable resources, health and stamina.

Attractiveness, from a male's perspective, seems to be based on facial cues when seeking a long-term relationship, and bodily cues when seeking a short-term relationship because they cue healthiness and reproductive capacity.

They also found men showed more retardation in long term mating strategy than women and in short term strategy for women, their individuality, perceptions of benefit and demand of mate switching influenced.

These findings add to David Buss' field of research by demonstrating differences in mating strategies across preferred relationship type.

Buss posits that men and women have faced different adaptive challenges throughout human history, which shape behavioral difference in males and females today.

Women have faced the challenges of surviving through pregnancy and lactation and then rearing children.

Men, by contrast, have faced the challenges of paternity uncertainty, with its related risk of misallocating parental resources, and of maximizing the offspring onto which they pass their genes.

Because insemination can occur by any mating choice of the female, males cannot be certain that the child in which they are investing is genetically their offspring.

To solve the female adaptation dilemma, females select mates who are loyal and are willing and able to invest in her and her offspring by providing resources and protection.

Historically, women who were less selective of mates suffered lower reproductive success and survival.

Males solve the adaptation challenge of paternity uncertainty and resources misallocation by selecting sexually faithful mates.

To maximize their offspring, men have adopted a short-term mating strategy of attracting and impregnating many fertile mates rather than one long-term mate.

Buss earned his PhD in psychology at University of California, Berkeley in 1981.

Before becoming a professor at the University of Texas, he was assistant professor for four years at Harvard University and a professor at the University of Michigan for eleven years.

The primary topics of his research include male mating strategies, conflict between the sexes, social status, social reputation, prestige, the emotion of jealousy, homicide, anti-homicide defenses, and—most recently—stalking.

All of these are approached from an evolutionary perspective.

Buss is the author of more than 200 scientific articles and has won many awards, including an APA Distinguished Scientific Award for Early Career Contribution to Psychology in 1988 and an APA G. Stanley Hall Lectureship in 1990.

Buss is the author of a number of publications and books, including The Evolution of Desire, The Dangerous Passion, and The Murderer Next Door, which introduces a new theory of homicide from an evolutionary perspective.

In 2005, Buss edited a reference volume, The Handbook of Evolutionary Psychology.

His latest book is When Men Behave Badly: The Hidden Roots of Sexual Deception, Harassment, and Assault.

Buss is involved with extensive cross-cultural research collaborations and lectures within the U.S.

Attempts to state the conditions that constitute a certain personality trait and attempts to exhaustively list all the acts that identify a bearer of a trait have not been very successful in providing exact definitions for trait-related terms (such as "creative", "humorous", and "ambitious").

The question of what exactly defines an individual as being—for example—courageous is an open one.

Another difficulty is measuring how strongly a trait is pronounced in an individual.

He is also the author of Evolutionary Psychology: The New Science of the Mind, whose fourth edition was released in 2011.